Objective: The use of miniature X-ray source in electronic brachytherapy is on the rise so there is an urgent need to acquire more knowledge on X-ray spectrum production and distribution by a dose. The aim of this research was to investigate the influence of target thickness and geometry at the source of miniature X-ray tube on tube output.Method: Five sources were simulated based on problems e...

seven caspian miniature horses, aged above two years, were used for this study. the skeleton of these horses were cleaned and prepared using appropriate techniques. the vertebral column was studied and photographed. the vertebral column in one of these horses showed variations in thoracic, lumbar and sacral region. the vertebral formola was c7, t19,l5,s6 and a pair of 19th rib was fused with th...

Canine progressive rod-cone degeneration (PRCD) is a middle- to late-onset, autosomal recessive, inherited retinal disorder caused by a substitution (c.5G>A) in the canine PRCD gene that has been identified in 29 or more purebred dogs. In the present study, a TaqMan probe-based real-time PCR assay was developed and evaluated for rapid genotyping and large-scale screening of the mutation. Furthe...

Nowadays, advanced turning processes are extensively being adopted to perform different types of operations such as straight turning, taper on Hastelloy, Nimonic, and Inconel, stainless steel, tool steel fabricate better quality cylindrical rotating parts miniature-bars, miniature-pins, miniature-electrodes, miniature-tools. This paper presents a review the previous research conducted miniature...

caspian miniature horse is a rare small horse in iran. in this horse, brachiocephalic trunk originates from the craniodorsal of the convex part of the aortic arch. it supplies the head, neck, forelimbs and cranial part of the thoracic cavity. in this reseach topographical location of brachiocephalic trunk arising from the aorta and its ramifications have been studied. five caspian miniature hor...

The purpose of this study was to measure the long-term growth of the mandible in miniature pigs using 3D Cone-Beam Computerized Tomography (CBCT). The mandibles of the pigs were scanned monthly over 12 months using CBCT and the 3D mandibular models were reconstructed from the data. Seventeen anatomical landmarks were identified and classified into four groups of line segments, namely anteropost...

In this paper we introduce the cone bounded linear mapping and demonstrate a proof to show that the cone norm is continuous. Among other things, we prove the open mapping theorem and the closed graph theorem in TVS-cone normed spaces. We also show that under some restrictions on the cone, two cone norms are equivalent if and only if the topologies induced by them are the same. In the sequel, we...

Minimally invasive cochlear implant surgeries require a very high accuracy of at least 0.5 mm when drilling a canal through the most critical spot, the facial recess [1]. Important anatomical structures in the vicinity of the minimal invasive access path, including the facial nerve and the chorda tympani must be preserved. We conducted a quantitative verification study on five temporal bone spe...

Activation of protein kinase A (PKA) pathway at presynaptic terminals plays a crucial role in the supply of synaptic vesicles (SVs) from the reserve pool, affecting the steady-state level of activity and the reconstitution of the readily releasable pool after intense stimulation. However, the identity of the stimuli activating this pathway is undefined. Using fluorescence resonance energy trans...

PURPOSE To evaluate the RPGRIP1-deficient miniature longhaired dachshund (MLHD) dog as a potential candidate for gene therapy. METHODS Six RPGRIP1-deficient MLHD dogs from our dog colony have been observed for two years using a variety of noninvasive procedures. These included bilateral full-field electroretinograms (ERG) to evaluate retinal function, fundus photographs to evaluate retinal va...