OBJECTIVE To compare rates of nuisance alarms and disconnection between ionization and photoelectric smoke alarms. DESIGN A prospective cohort study. SETTING Four Inupiat Eskimo villages in the Northwest Arctic Borough region of Alaska, 48 km (30 mi) above the Arctic Circle. SUBJECTS Households in 4 communities with similar populations, number of homes, mean income, size of household, and...

Automatic Topic Segmentation is an important technology for multimedia archival and retrieval systems. In this paper we present an algorithm for topic segmentation which uses a combination of machine learning, statistical natural language processing, and information retrieval techniques. The performance of this algorithm is measured by considering the misses and false alarms on a manually segme...

A method for the automatic location of phonetically important events in continuous speech signals is presented. The events chosen are plosive bursts, fricatives, nasals and vocalic onsets and offsets. These events have been chosen to match the requirements of a system that enhances these regions to make the signal more robust to channel degradation. The technique uses a syntactic pattern recogn...

A simple analytical criterion is provided for deciding whether a human or automation is best for a failure detection task. The method is based on expected-value decision theory in much the same way as is signal detection. It requires specification of the probabilities of misses (false negatives) and false alarms (false positives) for both human and automation being considered, as well as factor...

In the design of measurement systems we face the fact that parameters are subject to (measurement-) uncertainties. Additionally, components may behave entirely different from what is specified, which is then considered a fault. Consequently, both uncertainty as well as probability of failure should be considered in education on robust design and reliability. In this paper we present a teaching ...

The APL atmospheric sciences group is working to improve forecaster performance at Navy operational weather forecast detachments afloat and ashore. This work encompasses broad research and technology development in areas of visualization, human factors, human-machine interaction, and model and forecast verification with an emphasis on mesoscale ensembles and visualization of uncertainty. The ve...

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate the current situation of clinical alarms in intensive care unit (ICU), nurses' recognition of and fatigue in relation to clinical alarms, and obstacles in alarm management. METHODS Subjects were ICU nurses and devices from 48 critically ill patient cases. Data were collected through direct observation of alarm occurrence and ...

where Th is the threshold. The foreground image is composed of all foreground pixels. The threshold is computed with the help of the user, who is prompted to place ellipses on the mice that are visible in 7 randomly selected frames. Using this information, the optimal threshold Th for background subtraction is computed by minimizing a cost function that counts false alarms (the number of pixels...

Predicting what drivers will do as vehicle control is handed over to them from automation a relatively new challenge for the motor industry. Operator Event Sequence Diagrams (OESDs) offer way of modeling interactions between driver and in handover control. In this paper, two studies are presented which range strategies tested. The anticipated were modeled using OESDs serve predictions behavior....

INTRODUCTION A high rate of false arrhythmia alarms in the intensive care unit (ICU) leads to alarm fatigue, the condition of desensitization and potentially inappropriate silencing of alarms due to frequent invalid and nonactionable alarms, often referred to as false alarms. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify patient characteristics, such as gender, age, body mass index, and dia...