Chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) is a chlorination by-product in finished drinking water and a toxic metabolite of a wide variety of industrial chemicals (e.g. vinyl chloride) and chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide). In this research, the cytotoxic mechanisms of CAA in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were investigated.CAA cytotoxicity was associated with reactive oxygen spec...

Chloroacetaldehyde (CAA) is a chlorination by-product in finished drinking water and a toxic metabolite of a wide variety of industrial chemicals (e.g. vinyl chloride) and chemotherapeutic agents (e.g. cyclophosphamide and ifosfamide). In this research, the cytotoxic mechanisms of CAA in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes were investigated.CAA cytotoxicity was associated with reactive oxygen spec...

A common process associated with oxidative stress and severe mitochondrial impairment is the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, as described in many neurodegenerative diseases. Thus, inhibition of mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening represents a potential target for inhibiting mitochondrial-driven cell death. Among the mitochondrial permeability transition...

Objective (s) Porin is a mitochondrial outer membrane channel, which usually functions as the pathway for the movement of various substances in and out of the mitochondria and is considered to be a component of the permeability transition (PT) pore complex that plays a role in the PT. We addressed the hypothesis that porin interacts with other mitochondrial proteins after ischemic injury. Mater...

Recent studies using small bowel endoscopy revealed that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs including low-dose aspirin, can often induce small bowel injury. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs-induced small bowel mucosal injury involves various factors such as enterobacteria, cytokines, and bile. Experimental studies demonstrate that both mitochondrial disorders and inhibition of cyclooxyg...

The mPTP (mitochondrial permeability transition pore) is a non-specific channel that is formed in the mitochondrial inner membrane in response to several stimuli, including elevated levels of matrix calcium. The pore is proposed to be composed of the ANT (adenine nucleotide translocase), voltage-dependent anion channel and cyclophilin D. Knockout studies, however, have demonstrated that ANT is ...

BACKGROUND Excessive formation of reactive oxygen species contributes to tissue injury and functional deterioration after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Especially, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species are capable of opening the mitochondrial permeability transition pore, a harmful event in cardiac ischemia/reperfusion. Thioredoxins are key players in the cardiac defense against oxidative st...

BACKGROUND The mitochondrial K(ATP) channel (mitoK(ATP)) has been implicated as an end effector or trigger of ischemic preconditioning (IP). Although a mitoK(ATP) opener, diazoxide, mimics IP, mechanisms for the cardioprotective action remain unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We measured Ca2+ transients (CaTs) and mitochondrial inner membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)) with confocal microscopy and th...

Background—The mitochondrial KATP channel (mitoKATP) has been implicated as an end effector or trigger of ischemic preconditioning (IP). Although a mitoKATP opener, diazoxide, mimics IP, mechanisms for the cardioprotective action remain unclear. Methods and Results—We measured Ca transients (CaTs) and mitochondrial inner membrane potential ( m) with confocal microscopy and the fluorescent probe...

During apoptosis, the process of mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) represents a point-of-no-return as it commits the cell to death. Here we have assessed the role of caspases, Bcl-2 family members and the mitochondrial permeability transition pore on ER stress-induced MOMP and subsequent cell death. Induction of ER stress leads to upregulation of several genes such as Grp78, ...