Disrupting reconsolidation of drug-related memories may be effective in reducing the incidence of relapse. In the current study we examine whether alcohol-related memories are prone to disruption by the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist propranolol (10 mg/kg) and the NMDA receptor antagonist MK801 (0.1 mg/kg) following their reactivation. In operant chambers, male Wistar rats were trained to sel...

conclusions our findings support the role of nmdars in pregabalin antinociception, because the nmdar agonist, unlike the antagonist, decreased the antinociceptive effect of pregabalin, even if tail flick is not an adequate pain assessment method in this regard. background pregabalin as a new anticonvulsant has been used in different pain treatments. objectives the aim of this study was to inves...

In the ferret (Mustela putorius) the map of auditory space in the deeper layers of the superior colliculus (SC) matures over a period of several postnatal weeks, a process known to be guided by both visual and auditory experience. The auditory responses are initially very broadly tuned, and gradually become more selective for specific sound locations that coincide with the visual receptive fiel...

In term and preterm neonates, massive glutamate release can lead to excitotoxic white-matter and cortical lesions. Because of its high permeability toward calcium, the N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor is thought to play an important role in excitotoxic lesions and NMDA antagonists therefore hold promise for neuroprotection. We found that, in neonatal mouse cortex, a given NMDA concentra...

the n-methyl-d-aspartic acid (nmda) receptor is one of the specific types of ionotropic receptors which lied to glutaminergic system. it has been widely accepted that nmda receptor neurons promote anxiety, in humans as well as in animal models. however, in the previous study seems inhibiting of this receptors decreased the protective role in neural cell. demonstration of nmda receptor activity ...

Systemic exposure to NMDA receptor antagonists can lead to psychosis and prefrontal cortex (PFC)-dependent behavioral impairments. Agonists of metabotropic glutamate 2/3 (mGlu2/3) receptors ameliorate the adverse behavioral effects of NMDA antagonists in humans and laboratory animals, and are being considered as a novel treatment for some symptoms of schizophrenia. Despite the compelling behavi...

Using microspectrofluorimetry and the calcium-sensitive dye fura-2, we examined the effect of excitatory amino acids on [Ca2+]i in single striatal neurons in vitro. N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) produced rapid increases in [Ca2+]i. These were blocked by DL-2-amino-5-phosphonovaleric acid (AP5), by Mg2+, by phencyclidine, and by MK801. The block produced by Mg2+ and MK801 could be relieved by ...

The use of multiple loose ligations of the rat sciatic nerve has been proposed as a model for the study of allodynia and hyperalgesia. This pain hypersensitivity results from both an increase in the peripheral and central sensitization. The evidence indicating that the development of neuropathic thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia requires activation of spinal cord NMDA receptors. NMD...

The use of multiple loose ligations of the rat sciatic nerve has been proposed as a model for the study of allodynia and hyperalgesia. This pain hypersensitivity results from both an increase in the peripheral and central sensitization. The evidence indicating that the development of neuropathic thermal hyperalgesia and mechanical allodynia requires activation of spinal cord NMDA receptors. NMD...