To meet the upcoming CO2 reduction challenges, further electrification of vehicle powertrains is indispensable. In combination with post-Euro 6 requirements for criteria pollutants, exhaust system expected to be more complex allow extremely low emissions under all driving conditions, potentially involving technologies such as electrical heating and phase-change materials. The longer ‘zero-flow’...

Sometimes, scientific models are either intended to or plausibly interpreted as representing nonactual but possible targets. Call this “hypothetical modeling”. This paper raises two epistemological challenges concerning hypothetical modeling. To begin with, I observe that given common philosophical assumptions about the scope of objective possibility, fallible with respect what is objectively p...