The Hong’s modified histogram shifting method is best method of reversible watermarking. But Hong’s modified histogram method is not suitable for cartoon images. Our improved backward histogram shifting method overcome drawback of Hong’s method. Generally PSNR decreases when embedding capacity increases. But our improved backward histogram shifting method gives more embedding capacity and high ...

BACKGROUND Ischemic injury to the central nervous system causes cellular activation and disintegration, leading to release of cell-type-specific proteins into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We investigated CSF concentrations of myelin basic protein (MBP), glial fibrillary astrocytic protein (GFAP), the calcium-binding protein S100B, and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in acute ischemic stroke pat...

BACKGROUND Release of myelin basic protein (MBP) into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is associated with active demyelination and correlates with outcome in various neurological diseases. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES To describe associations among CSF MBP concentration, initial neurological dysfunction, and long-term ambulatory outcome in dogs with acute thoracolumbar intervertebral disk herniation (I...

In this work, we experimentally investigate several temporal and spectral methods to highlight extreme fluctuations which can develop during the Raman amplification of an ultrashort pulse train. Forward and backward pumping schemes are compared to dual pass configurations.

Since training of a classifier takes time, usually some criterion other than the recognition rate is used for feature selection. This may, however, leads to deteriorating the generalization ability by feature selection. To overcome this problem, in this paper, we propose modified backward feature selection by cross validation. Initially, we determine the candidate set which consists of the feat...

The backward Viterbi beam search has not received enough attentions other than being used in the second pass. The reason is that the speech recognition society has long ignored the concept of dynamic complexities of a speech recognition task which can help us to determine whether we should operate Viterbi decoding in forward or backward direction. We use the U.S. street address entry task as on...

In this paper, the backward MPSD (Modified Preconditioned Simultaneous Displacement) iterative matrix is firstly proposed. The relationship of eigenvalues between the backward MPSD iterative matrix and backward Jacobi iterative matrix for block p-cyclic case is obtained, which improves and refines the results in the corresponding references. Keywords—Backward MPSD iterative matrix, Jacobi itera...

Lactoferrin (LF) is a multifunctional protein that is found in milk, neutrophils, and other biological fluids. Under inflammatory conditions, LF production is increased in the periphery by neutrophils. However, the cardiovascular function of LF is still unknown. In the present study, we investigated the effect of bovine LF (BLF) on the mean blood pressure (MBP) and heart rate (HR) in urethane-a...