In this work, adsorbents, namely bentonite and sludge, modified by iron and copper were used to remove the H2S and mercaptan from Kermanshah refinery. The used adsorbents are inexpensive materials, which substantially decrease the operational costs. The structure of the adsorbents was analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Th...

Photovoltaic (PV) energy systems rapidly penetrate global renewable market recently due to their direct conversion, environmental friendly and modularity features. Partial shading irradiance mismatch create one of the major challenges that face commercial PV converters. Software based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithms show limited performance as only peak attached string can be cap...

Data envelopment analysis (DEA) has been proven as an efficient technique to evaluate the performance of homogeneous decision making units (DMUs) where multiple inputs and outputs exist. In the conventional applications of DEA, the data are considered as specific numerical values with explicit designation of being an input or output. However, the observed values of the data are sometimes imprec...

In a recent work by Betser and Zeheb, the modified adaptive output error algorithm for identification was proposed. In this paper, we prove that the solution is biased for most practical types of disturbance noise, including the white noise case. Bias can be avoided in certain cases, under the verification of a relation between the spectrum of the noise and the noise-free solution, specified in...

The problem of output regulation of affine nonlinear systems with the relative degree not well defined by modified steepest descent control is studied. The modified steepest descent control is a dynamic feedback control which is generated by the trajectory following method. By assuming the system is minimum phase, output of the system can be regulated globally asymptotically.

the drawing of frequency-path (f-p) models of optical beams is an approach for nonlinearity analysis in nano-metrology systems and sensors based on the laser interferometers. in this paper, the frequency-path models of four nano-metrology laser interferometry systems are designed, analyzed and simulated, including conventional and modified two- and three-longitudinal-mode laser interferometers....