the direct three component modified mannich reaction via condensation of aldehydes, 2-naphthol or 2,7-naphthalendiol and piperidine to generate betti bases has been carried out over l-proline (20 mol%) with high efficiency under solvent free conditions at 70 oc. also, the reaction of aromatic aldehyde and 4-hydroxycoumarin in the presence of l-proline (20 mol%) in the ethanol under reflux condi...

The direct three component modified Mannich reaction via condensation of aldehydes, 2-naphthol or 2,7-naphthalendiol and piperidine to generate Betti bases has been carried out over L-proline (20 mol%) with high efficiency under solvent free conditions at 70 OC. Also, the reaction of aromatic aldehyde and 4-hydroxycoumarin in the presence of L-proline (20 mol%) in the ethanol under reflux condi...

BACKGROUND Postural drainage chest physiotherapy in infants with cystic fibrosis (CF) exacerbates gastro-oesophageal reflux (GOR) and may contribute to a more rapid deterioration in lung function. AIMS To compare standard postural drainage chest physiotherapy (SPT) and a modified physiotherapy regimen (MPT) without head-down tilt, with regard to GOR, arousal state, and cardiorespiratory funct...

The direct three component modified Mannich reaction via condensation of aldehydes, 2-naphthol or 2,7-naphthalendiol and piperidine to generate Betti bases has been carried out over L-proline (20 mol%) with high efficiency under solvent free conditions at 70 OC. Also, the reaction of aromatic aldehyde and 4-hydroxycoumarin in the presence of L-proline (20 mol%) in the ethanol under reflux condi...

AIM To asses the relationship between severity of gastroesophageal refluxe disease and Epworth sleepiness scale as an indicator of daytime somnolence. METHODS One hundred and thirty-four patients underwent an upper panendoscopy as indicated by the typical reflux symptoms and were also investigated with regard to somnolence. Sleepiness was evaluated by Epworth Sleepiness Scale, which was compa...

A radiotelemetry system has been used to monitor gastro-oesophageal reflux over a prolonged period in 27 asymptomatic control subjects and in 15 patients with reflux symptoms. In control subjects, the frequency of reflux episodes (pH < 5) ranged from 0.1 - 0.7 per hour of recording (median 0.36) by day, and from 0 - 1.0 per hour (median 0.12) by night. The duration of reflux (pH < 5) per hour o...

BACKGROUND/AIMS Although considerable information exists regarding gastroesophageal reflux disease with erosions, much less is known of non-erosive reflux disease (NERD), the dominant form of reflux disease in the developed world. METHODS An expert international group using the modified Delphi technique examined the quality of evidence and established levels of agreement relating to different...

Tumors in the cervical portion of the esophagus have traditionally been more difficult to manage. The implantation in the cervical esophagus is a technically demanding procedure. The implantation of modified self-expandable metal stents (SEMSs) was very effective perorally under endoscopic and fluoroscopic guidance. Experience with SEMS has revealed an increased risk of migration when either co...

The prevalence and clinical consequences of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are not well characterised. The present study prospectively studied 42 males with COPD (forced expiratory volume in one second % predicted: 35%, range 20-49) and 16 healthy volunteers of similar age without respiratory or gastro-oesophageal symptoms. The diagnosis...

PURPOSE In the endoscopic treatment of vesicoureteral reflux, the relatively high rate of success, the simplicity of the procedure, high patient compliance, and a lack of complications has led to the increased development of injection materials and techniques. We report a method of identifying and maintaining a clear visual field during ureteral and bladder submucosal wall injection of a dextra...