We study the dynamics of a modified-gravity theory, which is supplemented by an extended Gibbons-Hawking-York boundary term and incorporates diffeomorphism violation through nondynamical background fields denoted as $u$ $s^{\mu\nu}$ in literature. An ADM decomposition allows us to project modified Einstein equations into purely spacelike hypersurfaces, implies field for induced dynamical three-...

Abstract We study the thermal evolution of isolated neutron stars in scalar–tensor theories for first time. Whether rapid cooling due to direct Urca process occurs or not is an interesting question from viewpoint temperature observation stars. Moreover, investigation effect nucleon superfluidity also has large uncertainties, though it important modern theory. The typically influenced by proton ...

We have investigated inflationary model constructed from minimally modified gravity (MMG) theories. The MMG theory in the form of $f({\bf H}) \propto {\bf H}^{1+p}$ where, ${\bf H}$ is Hamiltonian constraint Einstein and $p$ constant, has been studied. An inflation difficult to be achieved this unless an additional scalar field playing a role inflaton introduced model. found that with exponenti...