Turnover is important for the maintenance and remodeling of the cytoskeleton during the processes of cell morphogenesis, mitosis and motility. Microtubule (MT) turnover is thought to occur by dynamic instability, growth and shortening at distal (plus) ends. Recent observation of MT release from the centrosome and depolymerization from proximal (minus) ends indicates the existence of a minus end...

With the construction of supertall buildings such as high earth dams, linear envelope Mohr-Coulomb (M-C) failure criterion fitted to lower confined pressure would significantly underestimate loading capacity foundations, causing a huge increase in amount earthwork. Given that M-C has dominated stability analysis geotechnical structures, it is proposed this study remain invariant form but cohesi...

Natural microtubules typically include one A-lattice seam within an otherwise helically symmetric B-lattice tube. It is currently unclear how A-lattice seams influence microtubule dynamic instability. Here we find that including extra A-lattice seams in GMPCPP microtubules, structural analogues of the GTP caps of dynamic microtubules, destabilizes them, enhancing their median shrinkage rate by ...

The goal of 3D surface simplification is to reduce the storage cost of 3Dmodels. A 3D animation model typically consists of several 3D models. Therefore, to ensure that animation models are realistic, numerous triangles are often required. However, animation models that have a high storage cost have a substantial computational cost. Hence, surface simplification methods are adopted to reduce th...