Macromolecular or polymeric liquids consist of polymer solutions, polymer melts, particle suspension fluids, and many biological fluids. Polymer solutions are made of polymers dissolved in solutions or solvent; polymer melts are molten polymers; particle suspension fluids consist of solid particles suspended in a matrix fluid which may be a viscous or viscoelastic fluid, blood flows consist of ...

Ionic liquids (ILs) are molten salts composed of a large organic cation and an organic/inorganic anion. Due to their ionic character, most ILs present advantageous properties over conventional solvents, such as negligible volatility at atmospheric conditions high thermal chemical stabilities. The wide variety IL anion–cation combinations allows these solvents be designed display strong solvatio...

In this work we describe the production of spherical polymer particles from thermoplastic polymers. A simple method is developed to transform rough powders into particles. The are molten in heated oil whereafter interfacial tension driven reduction curvature and shape retraction induce a transformation equilibrium shape. sphericity validated by determining aspect ratio, roundness, as well circu...

Many fabrication processes for polymeric objects include melt extrusion, in which the molten polymer is conveyed by a ram or a screw and the melt is then forced through a shaping die in continuous processing or into a mold for the manufacture of discrete molded parts. The properties of the fabricated solid object, including morphology developed during cooling and solidification, depend in part ...

Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is a three-dimensional (3D) printing technology that is usually performed with polymers that are molten in a printer nozzle and placed line by line on the printing bed or the previous layer, respectively. Nowadays, hybrid materials combining polymers with functional materials are also commercially available. Especially combinations of polymers with metal particle...