Thefts were staged 108 times for as many witnesses who were subsequently given a photo lineup for identifying the thief. The thefts were staged under conditions designed to yield low (33%), moderate (50%), or high (74%) proportions of correct identifications of the thief. Corroborating past research, the relationship between witnesses' identification accuracy and witnesses' confidence was negli...

Undergraduate participants were tested in 144 pairs, with one member of each pair randomly assigned to a "witness" role and the other to an "investigator" role. Each witness viewed a target person on video under good or poor witnessing conditions and was then interviewed by an investigator, who administered a photo line up and rated his or her confidence in the witness. Witnesses also (separate...

In the automata-theoretic approach to formal verification, the satisfiability and the model-checking problems for linear temporal logics are reduced to the nonemptiness problem of automata on infinite words. Modifying the nonemptiness algorithm to return a shortest witness to the nonemptiness (that is, a word of the form uvω that is accepted by the automaton and for which |uv| is minimal) has a...

Confident witnesses are deemed more credible than unconfident ones, and accurate witnesses are deemed more credible than inaccurate ones. But are those effects independent? Two experiments show that errors in testimony damage the overall credibility of witnesses who were confident about the erroneous testimony more than that of witnesses who were not confident about it. Furthermore, after makin...

Revision total hip arthroplasty (THA) is associated with greater blood loss than primary THA. Jehovah's Witnesses will not accept transfusions of blood or blood products and are thus at an increased risk for complications due to perioperative anemia. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical outcomes, radiographic outcomes, morbidity, and mortality of Jehovah's Witnesses who were med...

In ‘Corroborating Testimony, Probability and Surprise’, Erik J. Olsson ascribes to L. Jonathan Cohen the claims that if two witnesses provide us with the same information, then the less probable the information is, the more confident we may be that the information is true (C), and the stronger the information is corroborated (C*). We question whether Cohen intends anything like claims (C) and (...

INTRODUCTION The answer to the question of what a database is and what is its relevance to the scientific research is not easy. We may not be wrong if we say that it is, basically, a kind of information resource, often incomparably richer than it is, for example, a single book or magazine. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION As a form of storing and retrieval of the knowledge, appeared in the informati...