2015 Angiogenesis is an essential component of tumor growth and metastasis. To date, an anti-VEGF antibody, bevacizumab, in combination with paclitaxel and carboplatin in the first-line setting is the only approved antiangiogenic treatment in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Angiokinase inhibitors are oral small-molecule agents. They not only inhibit the VEGF pathway, but also target other i...

Four proto-oncogenes commonly associated with well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma, rearranged during transfection (RET)/papillary thyroid cancer, BRAF, RAS, and PAX8/peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-γ, may carry diagnostic and prognostic significance. These oncogenes can be used to improve the diagnosis and management of well-differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Limited therapeutic opt...

After ligand binding induces dimerization, the RET receptor tyrosine kinase activates multiple signal transduction pathways. Constitutively activating mutations and chromosomal rearrangements are the primary oncogenic event in a significant number of medullary thyroid cancers (MTC) and papillary thyroid cancers (PTC), respectively. When specific germline mutations in RET are identified early, p...

After ligand binding induces dimerization, the RET receptor tyrosine kinase activates multiple signal transduction pathways. Constitutively activating mutations and chromosomal rearrangements are the primary oncogenic event in a significant number of medullary thyroid cancers (MTC) and papillary thyroid cancers (PTC), respectively. When specific germline mutations in RET are identified early, p...

Our understanding of the molecular pathophysiology of differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) has developed considerably over the last 10 years. Aberrant signaling through B-Raf and Akt has been implicated in the tumorigenesis of DTC. Moreover, these highly vascular tumors have proven to be sensitive to the inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR-2). It is likely that the m...