a simple and mild one-pot three-component reaction for the preparation 1,4-dihydropyridines has been developed from various aldehyde substrates, 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds (dimedone) and ammonium acetate (hantzsch method) in the presence of a catalytic amount of phospho sulfonic acid (psa) as an efficient and heterogeneous solid acid in etoh at room temperature. preparation of psa is straightforw...

This review covers sixty original publications dealing with the application of multicomponent reactions (MCRs) in the synthesis of novel nucleoside analogs. The reported approaches were employed for modifications of the parent nucleoside core or for de novo construction of a nucleoside scaffold from non-nucleoside substrates. The cited references are grouped according to the usually recognized ...

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are extremely popular owing to their facile execution, high atom-efficiency and the high diversity of products. MCRs can be used to access various heterocycles and highly functionalized scaffolds, and thus have been invaluable tools in total synthesis, drug discovery and bioconjugation. Traditional isocyanide-based MCRs utilize an external nucleophile attacking t...

Three-component reactions have emerged as useful methods because the combinationof three components to generate new products in a single step is extremely economical,among the multi-component reactions. A green, simple, efficient, and cost-effective procedure has been carried out by the synthesis of dihydropyrimidinonesin Biginelli’s condensation of ethyl cyanoacetate, aldehyde and urea or thio...

Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are a valuable tool in diversity-oriented synthesis. Its application to privileged structures is gaining relevance the fields of organic and medicinal chemistry. Isatin, due its unique reactivity, can undergo different MCRs, affording multiple interesting scaffolds, namely oxindole-derivatives (including spirooxindoles, bis-oxindoles 3,3-disubstituted oxindoles) ...

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) algorithms face two main difficulties: the curse of dimensionality, and environment non-stationarity due to the independent learning processes carried out by the agents concurrently. In this paper we formalize and prove the convergence of a Distributed Round Robin Q-learning (D-RR-QL) algorithm for cooperative systems. The computational complexity of th...

Ketenimines and azadienes are transient intermediates in organic chemistry especially in elimination-addition processes and in the formation of heterocyclic systems. These compounds play a considerable role as intermediates in the synthesis of heterocyclic ring systems. In this present research synthesis of novel ketenimines and azadienes via multicomponent reactions (MCRs...

Morpholinium hydrogen Sulphate as Brønsted acidic ionic liquid was used as an efficient and reusable catalyst for the onepot synthesis of 2,4,5-trisubstituted imidazoles that achieved by three component cyclocondensation of 1,2-dicarbonyl compound, aromatic or aliphatic aldehyde and ammonium acetate under thermal solvent-free conditions. The key advantages of this process are cost effectiveness...

Low-temperature plasmas are widely studied in laboratory environments and form the backbone of many industrial processes. Highly energized electrons enable processes such as ionization, dissociation, plasma chemical reactions, while heavy species, neutral gas atoms molecules, remain near room temperature. Hence, understanding electron dynamics is crucial to control optimization their applicatio...