This paper introduces an effective method by combining the multi-objective technique with bird swarm algorithm (BSA) to obtain a new called MBSA. The MBSA obtains some of different non-dominated techniques that maintain variety amongst optimal solutions. To verify and evaluate effectiveness MBSA, collections constrained, unconstrained, engineering problems are measured. These have various Paret...

Objectives . A frequently used method for obtaining Pareto-optimal solutions is to minimize a selected quality index under restrictions of the other indices, whose values are thus preset. For scalar objective function, global minimum sought that contains restricted indices as penalty terms. However, landscape such function has steep-ascent areas, which significantly complicate search minimum. T...

in this study, under the constraint of resource-saving and environment-friendliness objective, based on multi-agent genetic algorithm, multi-objective spatial optimization (moso) model for land use allocation was developed from the view of simulating the biological autonomous adaptability to environment and the competitive-cooperative relationship. the model was applied to solve the practical m...