The integrity of the distinguishing, multilaminate cell envelope surrounding mycobacteria is critical to their survival and pathogenesis. The prevalence of phosphatidylinositol mannosides in the cell envelope suggests an important role in the mycobacterial life cycle. Indeed, deletion of the pimE gene (ΔpimE) encoding the first committed step in phosphatidylinositol hexamannoside biosynthesis i...

This paper proposes a framework for the constitutive model based on the semi-micromechanical aspects of plasticity, including damage progress for simulating behavior of concrete under multiaxial loading. This model is aimed to be used in plastic and fracture analysis of both regular and reinforced concrete structures, for the framework of sample plane crack approach. This model uses multilamina...

a framework for development of constitutive models including damage progress, based on semi-micromechanical aspects of plasticity is proposed for concrete. the model uses sub-loading surface with multilaminate framework to provide kinematics and isotropic hardening/softening in the ascending/descending branches of loading and can be able to keep stress/stain paths histories for each plane separ...

A framework for development of constitutive models based on semi-micromechanical aspects of plasticity is proposed. The resulting of this model for material employed friction type failure criterion, sub-loading surface, and associated flow rule. This model is capable of predicting effects of the rotation of principal stress/strain axes and consequent plastic flow, induced anisotropy of strength...

The surface coat of the infective larvae of the parasitic nematode Trichinella spiralis was characterized with respect to its biophysical properties, morphology and composition. Labelling of larvae with the fluorescent surface probe PKH26 was lost after activation (by incubation in mammalian medium containing trypsin and bile), or following pronase treatment. Electron microscopical examination ...

15 16 The intravascular trematode Schistosoma mansoni is a causative agent of schistosomiasis, 17 a disease that constitutes a major health problem globally. In this study we clone and 18 characterize the schistosome tegumental phosphodiesterase (SmNPP-5) and evaluate its 19 role in parasite virulence. SmNPP-5 is a 52.5 kDa protein whose gene is rapidly turned 20 on in the intravascular parasit...