Skeletal muscle can adapt to increased mechanical loads by undergoing hypertrophy. Transient reductions in whole muscle force production have been reported during the onset of hypertrophy, but contractile changes in individual muscle fibers have not been previously studied. Additionally, the extracellular matrix (ECM) stores and transmits forces from muscle fibers to tendons and bones, and dete...

OBJECTIVES Muscle hypertrophy is a relatively rare condition that may cause nerve entrapment syndromes. We report the case of a 14-year-old girl with unilateral hypertrophy of the abductor hallucis muscle with entrapment of the medial plantar nerve and review the literature. METHODS Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging revealed unilateral hypertrophy of the abductor hallucis mus...

BACKGROUND Coronary artery enlargement has been previously described in left ventricular hypertrophy. OBJECTIVES We sought to assess coronary artery dimensions and their relation to left ventricular muscle mass in primary and secondary hypertrophy. METHODS Cross-sectional area of the left and right coronary arteries was determined by quantitative coronary angiography in 52 patients: 12 cont...

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is the term for a heterogeneous group of disorders for which various mutations of genes involving proteins of the cardiac sarcomere lead to hypertrophy of various segments of the left ventricle. The hypertrophy can involve the left and/or right ventricle, be symmetric or asymmetric, involving the septum, free wall, mid-ventricle, or apex. The phenomenon of solitary p...

Abstract Background miRNA is one of the crucial roles in complex and dynamic network that regulates development skeletal muscle. The landscape muscle miRNAs from fetus to adult New Zealand rabbits has not been revealed yet. Results In this study, nine RNA-seq libraries fetus, child rabbits’ leg muscles were constructed. A total 278 differentially expressed (DEmiRNAs) identified. vs. group, main...

Follistatin (FS) inhibits several members of the TGF-beta superfamily, including myostatin (Mstn), a negative regulator of muscle growth. Mstn inhibition by FS represents a potential therapeutic approach of muscle atrophy. The aim of our study was to investigate the mechanisms of the FS-induced muscle hypertrophy. To test the role of satellite cells in the FS effect, we used irradiation to dest...

The igf1 gene is alternatively spliced as IGF-IEa and IGF-IEc variants in humans. In fibrostenotic Crohn's disease, the fibrogenic cytokine TGF-β1 induces IGF-IEa expression and IGF-I production in intestinal smooth muscle and results in muscle hyperplasia and collagen I production that contribute to stricture formation. Mechano-growth factor (MGF) derived from IGF-IEc induces skeletal and card...

A 32 year old Indian male presented with progressive painless swelling of both jaws and temporal regions. The patient was otherwise asymptomatic and denied history of bruxism. Clinical examination revealed bilateral non-tender swelling over both mandibles and temporal fossae (Figure 1). Systemic examination and dental examination was normal. magnetic resonance imaging (mrI) of the head revealed...

BACKGROUND Masseteric muscle hypertrophy is an uncommon dition represented as a swelling of the masseter muscle. Recent reports have demonstrated the successful use of botulinum in the treatment of masseteric hypertrophy. OBJECTIVE This study was a prospective trial to evaluate the effectiveness of botulinum toxin type A (Botox) in the treatment of masseteric muscle hypertrophy according to d...