BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Anal incontinence is one of the most psychologically and socially debilitating conditions in an otherwise healthy individual. It can lead to social isolation, loss of self-esteem, self-confidence and depression. This study is devoted to the problem of anal incontinence in the adult patients. The aim of our study is to analyse the results of gracilis muscle transposition for a...

Teleological significance of the pressence of beta adrenergic receptors in blood vessels of skeletal muscle seems to be in redistributing blood flow from viscera to skeletal muscle when muscular activity is required or anticipated. Adrenaline secreted from the adrenal medulla in such occasions constricts blood vessels in viscera as its alpha effect and dilates blood vessels in muscle as its bet...

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of treating Knapp class II superior oblique muscle palsy with 7-mm nasal transposition of the ipsilateral inferior rectus muscle combined with recession of the contralateral inferior rectus muscle when the primary position hypertropia is 10 prism diopters (PD) or less. METHOD A retrospective review of 8 consecutive patients with superior oblique muscle pares...

A 73-year-old man presented with torsional diplopia. With major amblyoscope he measured 10 degrees of incyclotropia in primary position and 20 degrees of incyclotropia in downgaze. The patient had undergone temporal transposition of the left inferior rectus muscle in order to reduce incyclotropia in downgaze. Postoperatively, incyclotropia was reduced to 8 degrees. However, he complained horizo...

PURPOSE We report a case of inferior rectus muscle aplasia in a 65-year-old woman. METHODS Images were obtained using ocular motility photography and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and operative findings were analyzed. RESULTS A 65-year-old woman presented with marked right hypertropia. The right eye also had microcornea, iris coloboma, and completely restricted downward movement. MRI sh...

BACKGROUND Surgery of the inferior oblique muscle (IO) has undergone significant changes in the past 160 years. Many investigators have contributed to our understanding of the action of this muscle and to the surgical options that have developed. This article reviews the history of IO surgery with particular emphasis on the anterior transposition procedure. METHODS Anatomic and physiologic st...

during a 30-month period. 2s patients with deep infected median sternotomy wounds were managed surgically. fifteen patients had chronic sternal osteomyelitis with associated costochondruis, 7 patients had only costochondritis, and 3 patients had dehiscence and/or mediastinitis. twenty were male and 5 were female their ages rangedfrom 11 to 71 years. nine patients had 11 failed previous attempts...