todd lawson in article hermeneutic interpretation of pre-islamic and shiite، attempts to describe and assess the historical development of hermeneutics the twelver shia interpretation. this article is based on the shia interpretation of the phenomena of contemporary hermeneutics four province-based، compromise، mystical and esoteric (deafness hermeneutic) and philosophical - has lived provinces...

like other religions, there are various currents in imami shiite in the first centuries. this article, relying on discourse analysis and by concentrating on oppositions, attempts to identify the internal shiite currents in iraq and iran in the second and third centuries. according to historical evidences, the opposition between school of hisham ibn al-hakam and majority of shia, which was schoo...

Even when American decision-makers were denying it, ordinary Iraqis in the neighborhoods of Baghdad fearfully anticipated the dangerous consequences of the U.S.-led invasion. We use two unique Iraq datasets to analyze the self-fulfilling neighborhood specific forces set loose following the U.S.-led invasion. Sectarian criminal violence by Shia militia disproportionately forced Sunni residents f...

This article compares the different styles in which an Atheist movement South Indian states of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana a community Twelver-Shia Muslims Hyderabad, capital ...

Events like the tragedy of September 11, 2001; wars in Afghanistan and Iraq; and global efforts to combat terrorism have contributed significantly to the need for understanding issues from a broad perspective. Human Resource Development (HRD) can contribute to this understanding and needs to be examined from cultural, regional, ethnic, and religious perspectives. This paper focuses on HRD’s rol...

1 Department of Information and Communication, Southern Taiwan University of Technology, No. 1 Nan-Tai Street, YongKang Dist., Tainan City 710, Taiwan R.O.C. 2 Graduate Institute of Business Administration, National Taipei University, No. 151, University Rd., San Shia District, New Taipei City, Taiwan. 3 Department of Insurance and Finance, Chihlee Institute of Technology, No.313, Sec. 1, Wunhu...