Crucifer shoots harbor a glucosinolate-myrosinase system that defends against insect predation. Arabidopsis thaliana myrosinase (thioglucoside glucohydrolase [TGG]) accumulates in stomata and in myrosin idioblasts (MIs). This work reports that the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor FAMA that is key to stomatal development is also expressed in MIs. The loss of FAMA function abolishes MI...

Myrosinase from white mustard seeds (Sinapis alba) has been purified starting from aqueous crude extract in a single step by affinity chromatography on Con A-Sepharose. The specific activity, recovery, and binding capacity in four separate trials using glucose, mannose, methyl a-D-glucoside, and methyl a-D-mannoside for elution were also determined. The enzyme isolated by our approach showed a ...

Sulforaphane (SF) is a chemopreventive isothiocyanate (ITC) derived from glucoraphanin (GRP) hydrolysis by myrosinase, a thioglucoside present in broccoli. The ability of broccoli powders sold as supplements to provide dietary SF is often of concern as many supplements contain GRP, but lack myrosinase. In a previous study, biomarkers of SF bioavailability from a powder rich in GRP, but lacking ...

Glucosinolates are secondary metabolites derived from amino acids. Upon hydrolysis by myrosinases, they produce a variety of biologically active compounds. In this study, the glucosinolate-myrosinase system was characterized in Arabidopsis suspension cells. A total of seven glucosinolates were identified and the myrosinase activity was determined. Plant suspension cells have been used as model ...

Myrosinase (thioglucoside glucohydrolase, P-thioglucosidase, EC 3.2.3.1) catalyzes the hydrolysis of glucosinolates, a diverse group of sulfur-containing glycosides that are present in a11 the Cruciferae, to D-G~c, sulfur, and a variety of volatile compounds including thiocyanates, isothiocyanates, and nitriles (Fenwick et al., 1983). Normally, myrosinase and the glucosinolates are kept sequest...

Isothiocyanates have been implicated in the cancer-protective effects of brassica vegetables. When cabbage is consumed, sinigrin is hydrolysed by plant or microbial myrosinase partly to allyl isothiocyanate (AITC), which is mainly excreted as N-acetylcysteine conjugates (NAC) of AITC in urine. The effect of cooking cabbage on the excretion of NAC of AITC, and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and...