Adenosine receptor antagonists initiate repetitive bursting activity in the CA3 region of hippocampal slices. Although some studies have suggested that this effect is irreversible, this has been difficult to establish because many adenosine antagonists wash out of brain slices extremely slowly. Furthermore the cellular mechanism that underlies persistent bursting is unknown. To resolve these is...

Aiming to provide a new class of game dynamics with good long-term rationality properties, we derive a second-order inertial system that builds on the widely studied “heavy ball with friction” optimization method. By exploiting a well-known link between the replicator dynamics and the Shahshahani geometry on the space of mixed strategies, the dynamics are stated in a Riemannian geometric framew...

Reducing [Mg(2+)]o to 0.1 mM can evoke repetitive [Ca(2+)]i spikes and seizure activity, which induces neuronal cell death in a process called excitotoxicity. We examined the issue of whether cultured rat hippocampal neurons preconditioned by a brief exposure to 0.1 mM [Mg(2+)]o are rendered resistant to excitotoxicity induced by a subsequent prolonged exposure and whether Ca(2+) spikes are inv...