PURPOSE: Sodium (Na) MRI offers direct information on the glycosaminoglycan concentration in cartilage. In vivo Na-MRI, however, is very challenging because of low Na sensitivity, low tissue concentration, and short biexponential transverse relaxation times (T2). Sequences capable of maximizing signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are therefore highly desirable. Many groups addressed this issue by devel...

In the present study we have localized acid and alkaline phosphatases, glucose-6-phosphatase and sodium-potassium ATPase (Na-K-ATPase) in ultra-thin sections of cerebral neurosecretory cells and oesophageal cells of the earthworm, Aporrectodea caliginosa. The majority of the enzymes studied were located in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER), nuclear envelope and Golgi apparatus.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although the advent of ultra-deep sequencing technology allows for the analysis of heretofore-undetectable minor viral mutants, a limited amount of information is currently available regarding the clinical implications of hepatitis B virus (HBV) genomic heterogeneity. METHODS To characterize the HBV genetic heterogeneity in association with anti-viral therapy, we performed...

An in-depth understanding of Na2Ti3O7 as a Na-ion battery anode is reported. The battery performance is enhanced by carbon coating, due to increased electronic conductivity and reduced solid electrolyte interphase formation. Ti(4+) reduction upon discharge is demonstrated using in situ XAS. The self-relaxation behaviour of the fully intercalated phase is revealed.

BACKGROUND The effects of running and cycling on changes in hydration status and body composition during a 24-hour race have been described previously, but data for 24-hour ultra-mountain bikers are missing. The present study investigated changes in foot volume, body composition, and hydration status in male and female 24-hour ultra-mountain bikers. METHODS We compared in 49 (37 men and 12 wo...

Neonatal mice with cystic fibrosis (CF) exhibit a very high mortality due to intestinal obstruction localized primarily to the ileum and colon. It has been hypothesized that lack of Cl- secretion and possibly elevated Na+ absorption contribute to the gut problems in CF neonates. Therefore, intestines (ileum, proximal colon, and distal colon) from normal and CF day-old mouse pups were studied on...

We present a compact 1.3 × 4 μm2 Germanium waveguide photodiode, integrated in a CMOS compatible silicon photonics process flow. This photodiode has a best-in-class 3 dB cutoff frequency of 45 GHz, responsivity of 0.8 A/W and dark current of 3 nA. The low intrinsic capacitance of this device may enable the elimination of transimpedance amplifiers in future optical data communication receivers, ...

A determinação sonovoltamétrica do 4-nitrofenol foi estudada sobre um eletrodo de diamante dopado com boro. Foram observadas melhorias significativas na sensibilidade analítica devido à limpeza da superfície eletródica e ao aumento no transporte de espécies ao eletrodo proporcionados pelo ultra-som. Desta maneira, para os processos de oxidação e redução, os limites de detecção diminuíram de 11....