irony in literature containing a combination of cash and spelling, sarcasm and humor used by the writer to express issues which call for criticism in the communities in a language full of laughter and wry humor. this art of literature is a magic mirror reflects the realities of women in society are fresh attract the hearts of the target audience, and will make him to laugh first and urging them...

no doubt nahj al-balaghah is one of the greatest religious books after holy quran and its content including sermons, letters, and philosophies serve as a bright light that guides humans and they find path to growth and guidance with its light beam. this place is because nahj al-balaghah was inspired by contents of quran and the prophet’s tradition. imam ali reflects rhetoric and eloquence in hi...

synonymy is one of the central topics in both modern and traditional linguistics. there have been different discussions around synonymy such as disagreement about its acceptance or denial, the rate of dynamicity, capability, and domain of application and the ways of applying it. the importance of synonymy arises when the relation between word and meaning forms as a consequence of users’ communi...

subject and its attitudes – which precedence and subservience – are the issues of very important in semantics that manifests in different forms such as subject, character and something similar. subject's rank is precedence; because its reason is the first thing comes to mind. different motivations cause subject's precedence which the present study surveys them by expressive – analytic...

As per the teachings of Islam, social trust involves placing others as pillars Islamic countries, which needs to be maintained. Therefore, any promise or action that undermines people a capital is one most important anti-social factors must dealt with. In view that, Islam struggling against hypocrisy an antisocial trend, because it damages when hypocrite preaches thing and does another; in othe...

Motivation and motives play the most critical role in human actions. The power of authority intellect is main difference between humans other creatures, shaping intention motive him, leading to action, ultimately bringing about fortune or misfortune. Nahj al-Fe???a, which provides narrations words Muhammad (PBUH) ethics virtues, comprises many hadiths significance motive, establishing impressio...

conceptual metaphor is the most prominent achievements in cognitive linguistics and cognitive semantics. based on this theory, most of the parts of our vision system and mindset is naturally metaphorical, which structures our way of thinking and understanding. therefore, our understanding has strong relationship in all aspects, and since the ethical implications are naturally abstract, metaphor...

Lexical items play a key role in both language in general and translation in particular. Likewise, equivalence is a controversial concept discussed so widely in translation studies. Some theorists deem it to be fundamental in translation theory and define translation in terms of equivalence. The aim of this study is to identify the problems of lexical gaps in two translations of Nahj al-ba...