We review recent developments in single-molecule spectroscopy and microscopy. New optical methods provide access to the absorption, emission, or excitation spectra of single nano-objects and can determine either the positions of these objects with subwavelength accuracy or the full three-dimensional orientation of their transition dipole moments. Recent work aims at using single molecules as na...

In this paper, we present three hierarchical multiscale architectures that are interconnected electrooptically at micro-scale level and via spin waves at nanoscale level. These architectures are derived from the Optical Reconfigurable Mesh (ORM), which is a MEMS architecture that supports several types of electrical and optical routings. The first multi-scale architecture presented here is a st...

Nano-graphene/polymer composites can function as pressure induced electro-switches, at concentrations around their conductivity percolation threshold. Close to the critical point, dependence of electron tunneling through polymer barrier separating nano-graphene's results from competition among shortening length and increase polymer's polarizability. Such switching behavior was recently observed...

We study the switching characteristics of nanoscale junctions created between a tungsten tip and a silver film covered by a thin ionic conductor layer. Atomic-sized junctions show spectacular current induced switching characteristics, but both the magnitude of the switching voltage and the direction of the switching vary randomly for different junctions. In contrast, somewhat larger junctions w...

In this work, we report a novel and feasible strategy for the practical applications of one-dimensional ultrasensitive phototransistors made of tungsten-doped VO2 single nanowires. The photoconductive response of the single nanowire device was investigated under different visible light excitations (405 nm, 532 nm, and 660 nm). The phototransistor device exhibited ultrafast photoresponse, high r...

In this paper, a new structure for cascade multilevel inverter is presented which consists of a series connection of several sub-multilevel units. Each sub-multilevel unit comprises of eight unidirectional switches, two bidirectional switches, and six DC voltage sources. For the proposed cascade topology, two algorithms are presented to produce all possible levels at the output voltage waveform...

In this paper a new design for 6 bit DMTL phase shifter with only 32 MEMS switches is proposed. The reduction in number of switches in ordinary 6 bit phase shifter from 63 to 32 is due to combination of one 5.625 degree for least significant bit and 11.25 degree for the rest of the switches. Decreasing the number of the switches reduces the die-size as well as loss of the CPW line. Analytical s...

We determine the graphene morphology regulated by substrates with herringbone and checkerboard surface corrugations. As the graphene-substrate interfacial bonding energy and the substrate surface roughness vary, the graphene morphology snaps between two distinct states: (1) closely conforming to the substrate and (2) remaining nearly flat on the substrate. Since the graphene morphology is stron...

Rigorous simulations of bent and branched sections of coupled resonator optical waveguides (CROWs) composed of side-coupled whispering gallery (WG) mode microdisks are performed. Pre- and post-fabrication tuning capability of the designed structures is explored, and a novel concept of realization of tunable CROW-based routers and switches is introduced. The proposed tuning mechanism exploits th...