Metamorphic Core Complexes (MCCs) form when a thickened domain with a low-strength lower crust is submitted to extension. These structures are characteristic of post-orogenic extension, and field observations suggest that several MCCs rework a crustal nappe-stack emplaced before extension begins. These MCCs therefore develop within heterogeneous crusts that contain pre-existing dipping heteroge...

Estimates of groundwater recharge are often needed for a variety of groundwater resource evaluation purposes. A method for estimating long-term groundwater recharge and actual évapotranspiration not known in the English literature is presented. The method uses long-term average annual precipitation, runoff, potential evaporation, and crop-yield information, and uses empirical parameter curves t...

Figure 1. Schematic cross sections through (A) Galicia Margin west of Iberian Peninsula (Boillot et al., 1995) and (B) Jurassic margin of Apulian continent toward Alpine Tethys (Manatschal and Bernoulli, 1999). Inset in B displays present location of margin in Swiss Alps and paleoposition of section in Jurassic time. Abbreviations in A: lcc—lower continental crust; man— mantle; S—S-reflector; s...

Splashing is the main atomization source for a jet impinging on liquid layer. Increased understanding of splashing rainfall characteristics can help to reduce hazard flood discharge in hydraulic engineering. In this study, spatial distribution caused by nappe flow downstream water cushion was experimentally investigated. Effects factors impingement velocity, unit discharge, and water-cushion de...

Chromitites associated with strongly altered peridotite from six distinct localities in the Santa Elena ultramafic nappe (Costa Rica) have been investigated for the first time. Santa Elena chromitites commonly display a compositional variation from extremely chromiferous (Cr/(Cr+Al)=0.81) to intermediate and aluminous (Cr/(Cr+Al)=0.54). This composition varies along a continuous trend, correspo...

Abstract Continent-derived tectonic units in the Tauern Window of Alps exhibit stratigraphic and structural traces extension continental margins eventually leading to opening Alpine Tethys. In this study, we reassess lithostratigraphic data from central part reconstruct post-Variscan evolution area, particularly rift-related geometry European margin. The lithostratigraphy nappes reflects system...

The Lindås Nappe, Bergen Arc, is located in western Norway and displays two high-grade metamorphic structures. A Precambrian granulite facies foliation is transected by Caledonian fluid-induced eclogite-facies shear zones and pseudotachylytes. To understand how a superimposed tectonic event may influence olivine fabric and change seismic anisotropy, two lenses of spinel lherzolite were studied ...

Abstract Metabasic rocks of the ophiolitic sequences Glockner Nappe and Eclogite Zone in south-central Tauern Window, Austria, reveal important insights into rifting spreading Alpine Tethys. U–Pb dating magmatic zircons yields a concordant 157 ± 2 Ma crystallization age for precursor coarse-grained metagabbro from Nappe. The Late Jurassic intrusion is coeval with mafic plutonic activity Western...