in iran’s system of tripartite collective bargaining, does the wage-policy maker consistently react optimally to the best move made by the exchange rate-policy maker (nash-rule) or only to the state of economy (non-nash rule)?. this paper not only investigates the nature of the political game (nash rule against non-nash rule) but also estimates some structural parameters by using 2sls method an...

These notes provide a brief introduction to the theory of noncooperative differential games. After the Introduction, Section 2 reviews the theory of static games. Different concepts of solution are discussed, including Pareto optima, Nash and Stackelberg equilibria, and the co-co (cooperative-competitive) solutions. Section 3 introduces the basic framework of differential games for two players....

A fuzzy differential game theory is proposed to solve the -person (or -player) nonlinear differential noncooperative game and cooperative game (team) problems, which are not easily tackled by the conventional methods. In this paper, both noncooperative and cooperative quadratic differential games are considered. First, the nonlinear stochastic system is approximated by a fuzzy model. Based on t...

Duopoly game theory is applied to the wood industrial markets (sawnwood and pulpwood markets) in the North of Iran. The Nash equilibrium and the dynamic properties of the system based on marginal adjustments are determined. The probability that the Nash equilibrium will be reached is almost zero. The dynamical properties of sawnwood and pulpwood prices derived via the duopoly game model are fou...

In general, it is clear that open-loop Nash equilibrium and feedback Nash equilibrium do not coincide. In this paper, we study the structure of differential games and develop a technique using which we can identify classes of games for which the open-loop Nash equilibrium is a degenerate feedback equilibrium. This technique clarifies the relationship between the assumptions made on the structur...

We study a bifurcation problem for a system of two differential equations in implicit form. For each value of the parameter θ, the solution yields a pair of Nash equilibrium strategies in feedback form, for a non-cooperative differential game. When θ = 0, the second player has no power to influence the dynamics of the system, and his optimal strategy is myopic. The game thus reduces to an optim...

In this paper, we attempt to answer the following questions about differential games: 1) when does a two-player, zero-sum differential game have a value and is it unique? 2) How can we characterize the value of the game and relate this value to some Hamilton-Jacobi equation? 3) When in general does the Nash Equilibrium of the differential game exist? To answer these questions, we use control th...

The paper is concerned with an n-person differential game in one space dimension. We state conditions for which the system of Hamilton–Jacobi equations for the value functions is strictly hyperbolic. In the positive case, we show that the weak solution of a corresponding system of conservation laws determines an n-tuple of feedback strategies. These yield a Nash equilibrium solution to the nonc...

Pricing and advertising are two important marketing strategies in the supply chain management which lead to customer demand’s increase and therefore higher profit for members of supply chains. This paper considers advertising, and pricing decisions simultaneously for a three-level supply chain with one supplier, one manufacturer and one retailer. The amount of market demand is influenced ...

In John Nash’s proofs for the existence of (Nash) equilibria based on Brouwer’s theorem, an iteration mapping is used. A continuous— time analogue of the same mapping has been studied even earlier by Brown and von Neumann. This differential equation has recently been suggested as a plausible boundedly rational learning process in games. In the current paper we study this Brown—von Neumann—Nash ...