iranian civilization is one of the oldest and most influential civilizations of history, and iran as the origin of persian civilization, has been ruled by numerous states throughout history. some of them, while enjoying considerable glory and high level of economic and political power, have sometimes been declined and finally overthrown. having these points in mind, the main questions are prese...

Why did the nation-state proliferate across the world over the past 200 years, replacing empires, kingdoms, city-states, and the like? Using a new dataset with information on 145 of today’s states from 1816 to the year they achieved nation-statehood, we test key aspects of modernization, world polity, and historical institutionalist theories. Event history analysis shows that a nation-state is ...

The treatment of Internet traffic is increasingly affected by national policies that require the ISPs in a country to adopt common protocols or practices. Examples include government enforced censorship, wiretapping, and protocol deployment mandates for IPv6 and DNSSEC. If an entire nation’s worth of ISPs apply common policies to Internet traffic, the global implications could be significant. F...

Immigrants, Ethnic Identities and the Nation-State In the Western world, multiculturalism has become the way to view and form “nationhood,” igniting the interest to understand and model identity. The complexity of identity formation, however, has been firm and ethnic and national identities have been deviating more and more. In this paper, we seek to investigate the nature, role and relationshi...

nationalism and modernism, and the relationship between them from the perspective of different scholars and schools of thought have always been a subject of debate. many scholars have concerned themselves with the concepts of ethnicity, nation, and nationalism and their relationship with modernism and modern age. the main controversy among scholars and schools of thought has been centered on th...

Introduction: In recent years, a number of researchers have recognized signs of past glacial activity on Mars and features that could be extant rock glaciers [1,2]. There has also been the recognition of " pasted on " terrains which are interpreted as dust-covered snow or ice deposits [3]. Many of these features are attributed to relatively recent (within the last several million years) periods...

War on terrorism, as the motto which formed the cornerstone of global policies of former     neo-conservative administration of the United States, is increasingly becoming ineffective in Afghanistan with the dreaded consequence of spilling over into Pakistan. This inevitable consequence of War on    Terrorism in Afghanistan has brought the West face to face with the ‘nest of terrorism’ that CIA...