Introduction: There is a need for an instrument that can be used for remote in situ identification of biogenic and a-biogenic minerals, various types of ices, organic materials etc. on planetary surfaces. The potential for measuring remoteRaman spectra of organic [1] and inorganic materials and minerals [2] with a small telescope and CW lasers have been demonstrated. Pulsed-laser Raman spectros...

OBJECTIVE To assess immediate and medium term results of transcatheter laser valvotomy with balloon valvoplasty in selected infants with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Tertiary cardiac unit. PATIENTS All infants with pulmonary atresia and intact septum with no more than minor tricuspid valve hypoplasia referred between November 1990 and ...

A young adult presented with a four-month long history of hemoptysis. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a mid-trachea lesion (Figure 1). A flexible bronchoscopy was performed and revealed a cherry-like polyp (Figure 2(a)) and biopsy resulted in brisk bleeding. The polyp was coagulated at the base with a Nd-YAG (neodymium doped-yttrium aluminium garnet) laser followed by forceps resection v...

Abstract Background Multichannel magnetocardiographic mapping (MCG) has been validated as an accurate non-invasive method for 3D localization of arrhythmogenic substrates suitable ablation treatment and intracardiac electrophysiology catheters (1,2). High resolution (HR) MCG-guided multiple simultaneous monophasic action potential (multi-MAP) recording pacing with a single patented amagnetic ca...

We have recorded time-resolved LII signals from a laminar ethylene diffusion flame over a wide range of laser fluences at 532 nm. We have performed these experiments using an injection-seeded NdYAG laser with a pulse duration of 7 ns. The beam was spatially filtered and imaged into the flame to provide a homogeneous spatial profile. These data were used to aid in the development of a model, whi...

BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a technique for producing localised tissue necrosis with light after prior administration of a photosensitising drug. There is some selectivity of uptake of photosensitisers in malignant tissue, although this is difficult to exploit. Full thickness necrosis in normal and neoplastic colon heals without perforation because of a lack of effect on collagen, ...

Various species of high intensity highly charged state heavy ion beams with small emittance are required in many fields including particle physics, medical uses, inertial fusion, and simulator of space radiations. Direct Plasma Injection Scheme (DPIS), we have developed for several years, is a unique scheme to provide heavy ion beams to meet the above requirements. A high-density plasma created...

It is less than 20 years since the very first papers on ultrasound (US)-guided ablation of liver tumours were published. Initially ablation centred on US-guided percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI) in small, non-resectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and neodymium yttrium aluminium garnet (NdYAG) laser heating techniques in liver metastases. Since then radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwav...

Shifts of weakly bound states of atoms (Rydberg states) due to perturbation by an intense non resonant low frequency electromagnetic field has been experimentally studied . This effect can be interpreted in terms of classical mechanics as an increase of the kinetic energy of the electron vibrating in the E.M. field . Comparison of experimental results with theoretical calculations has been foun...