AIM To provide evidence that a near clinical gradient AC/A ratio could instead reflect the CA/C relationship (the accommodation driven by response to disparity). DESIGN Case control study. METHODOLOGY 27 emmetropic participants with heterophoria <4 PD, 19 with intermittent distance exotropia, and 17 with near exophoria >6 PD were tested. A remote haploscopic photorefractor, which can measur...

OBJECTIVE To describe the possible impairment of binocular vision in primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) patients. METHOD A cross-sectional study was conducted on 58 glaucoma patients, 76 ocular hypertensives and 82 normal subjects. They were examined with a battery of binocular tests consisting of the measurement of phoria angles, amplitudes of fusion (AF), near point of convergence (NPC) ass...

purpose : to evaluate the effect of induced esophoria and exophoria on distance stereoacuity at 6 meters methods : fifty subjects with distance corrected or uncorrected visual acuity of 6/6 and orthophoria without history of amblyopia, strabismus or any ocular pathology were recruited and distance stereoacuity was measured by howard-dolman test before and after introducing 2, 4, 6 and 8δ base i...

The purpose of the present study was to assess the occurrence of visual dysfunctions and associated symptoms in active duty warfighters during the subacute stage of blast-induced mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI). A comprehensive visual and oculomotor function evaluation was performed on 40 U.S. military personnel, 20 with blast-induced mTBI and 20 without. In addition, a comprehensive symptom...

DUANE'S retraction syndrome (Duane, 1905) is frequently but not invariably associated with convergent strabismus when the eyes are in the primary position (Duke-Elder, 1964); if a head-turn is present, it will be in the direction of action of the paretic lateral rectus muscle. In the atypical retraction syndrome, the medial rectus is more paretic than the lateral rectus muscle; there is exophor...

[Purpose] To determine whether the improvement of vergence movements by vision therapy can decrease the K-ARS scores of symptomatic ADHD children. [Methods] Eighty-one out of 1,123 children surveyed using the K-ARS, a parents'-reported questionnaire, led to 16 of these 81 children being showed scores of ≥19, and measurement of binocular function diagnosed as having convergence insufficiency. Th...

PURPOSE To compare long-term surgical outcomes after bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR) and unilateral lateral rectus recession-medial rectus resection (RR) for the treatment of basic-type intermittent exotropia. METHODS Consecutive patients who underwent BLR or RR for treatment of intermittent exotropia between 1999 and 2010 and underwent ≥5 years of follow-up were recruited for this s...

This study analyzed eye movements of an esophoric and an exophoric subject using an infrared limbus-tracking device. Converging and diverging one and two degree step stimuli were given to both subjects. Preliminary results suggest that dynamic differences may exist between the two populations.

Background: The visual system is key to the learning process, preterm births are commonly followed by dysfunctions and other neurological conditions. Objective: measure, analyze compare efficacy, visual–perceptual, visual–motor skills of 20 late children (34–36 weeks) born caesarean section appropriate weight for gestational age with healthy controls at full term natural birth, 5 12 years, from...