needle insertion is a minimally invasive technique in diagnosing and treating tumors. however, to perform a surgery accurately, the tissue should have minimum amount of displacement during needle insertion so that it reaches the target tissue. therefore, the tissue membrane has to move less to decrease rupturing under the membrane. in this study, the effect of different design parameters on dis...

background: biloma is a rare abnormal localized accumulation of bile out of biliary tree due to an injury. it has different non-specific clinical features and its diagnosis is based on clinical signs, radiologic findings and chemical analysis of aspirated liquid. considering the non-specific clinical features, early diagnosis and treatment can have an effective role in the decrease of complicat...

conclusions tattooing and longer duration of addiction were two important factors that significantly increased retention in the program. in contrast, history of using harm reduction services was the factor that decreased persistence. the risk of quitting the program may decrease about 68% in those who did not involve in harm reduction programs. patients and methods this cohort study analyzed da...

background & objective: abdominal cutaneous and subcutaneous nodules are uncommon lesions which may be benign or malignant. majority of the malignant nodules are metastatic in origin and may be the initial presentation of primary malignancy, hence an early diagnosis is important. our aim was to find out the spectrum of lesions (both non-neoplastic and neoplastic) that present as cutaneous a...

Background and Aims: Most children get a lot of anxiety while they visit a dentist. The most important factor in the child's fear at the beginning of treatment is the syringe and needle. Ways to cope with this anxiety include behavioural control techniques such as mental regeneration, distraction, and induction. The purpose of this study was to compare the pain and anxiety in children when usin...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of fine needle aspiration cytology in the diagnosis of abdominal and retroperitoneal masses in children on this study. In 53 cases of childhood abdominal and retroperitoneal masses within a 4 year period (1998- 2001) preoperative fine needle aspiration was done under the guide of CT scan. 2 pathologists reviewed fine needle aspiration smears. I...

OBJECTIVES Needle visualization is important for sonographically guided regional anesthesia procedures. Needle characteristics that improve needle visualization are therefore important to anesthesiologists. This study compared several echogenic needle designs by defining characteristics of needle echogenicity and assessing regional anesthesiologist preferences for these characteristics across v...