Micro-machined silicon needles capable of penetrating through cell membranes were fabricated and tested for intracellular sensing applications. The fabricated needles have sharp tips (diameter <1 μm), they are long (>300 μm) and exhibit high mechanical strength. The needles were tested for extraand intra-cellular neuronal recording applications. To prepare the needles for neuronal recording, th...

Zhuang medicine shallow needling has a long history and plays significant role in Chinese medicine. With the development of medical treatment China, there is constant improvement use needles. Bone needles have been modified to pottery needles, bronze electroacupuncture. From this history, are some improvements terms material technology. By analyzing comparing primitive current acupuncture instr...

This study examined cells contained in needles used for the collection of breast fine needle aspirates for the detection of malignant cells trapped in the needles. Remnants of cells contained in 50 needles used for the collection of scanty breast fine needle aspirates were examined by the liquid based cytology technique and compared with the conventional cytological technique of specimens in th...

The dimensions of currently available spinal needles (0.7 mm (22-gauge) to 0.45 mm (26-gauge) external diameter) were measured and compared with the International Standard (ISO 7864-1984 E). The in vitro performance of the needles was assessed by comparing times to appearance of cerebrospinal fluid and flow rates through the needles. There were wide variations in the measurements and performanc...

The three youngest age-classes of needles of Norway spruce (Picea abies) were collected from four sites in the Krusne Hory Mountains (Czech Republic) characterized by different levels of damage caused by environmental pollution. Histochemical methods did not reveal any differences in localization of phenolics among the needles. Mesophyll cells close to the epidermis of needles and cells around ...

Concentrations of the elements Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, N, Ni, P, Pb, and Zn were measured in needles and bark of Taxus baccata from the urban environment of Wrocław, Poland, and from a control site relatively free from pollution. In Wrocław the concentrations of N, P, K, and Mg in needles were significantly higher than in bark, but concentrations of Cd, Co, Cr, Cu Fe, Ni, and Zn were...

OBJECTIVE To compare the specificity and sensitivity of the skin pathergy test performed with blunt and sharp needles in patients with Behçet's disease. METHODS The skin pathergy test was performed using the simultaneous four needle prick method with blunt and sharp, thick and thin needles in 92 patients with Behçet's disease, 64 healthy controls, and 128 patients without Behçet's disease. Th...

Main resistances of the plant water transport system are situated in leaves. In contrast to angiosperm leaves, knowledge of conifer needle hydraulics and of the partitioning of resistances within needles is poor. A new technique was developed which enabled flow-meter measurements through needles embedded in paraffin and thus quantification of the specific hydraulic conductivity (K(s)) of the ne...