The neighborhood has been used as a sampling unit for exploring variations in health outcomes. In a variety of studies census tracts or ZIP codes have been used as proxies for neighborhoods because the boundaries are pre-defined units for which other data are readily available. However these spatial units can be arbitrary and do not account for social-cultural behaviors and identities that are ...

Different social groups tend to settle in different parts of cities leading over time to social segregation. Neighborhood obviously plays an important role in this process – and what constitutes neighborhood is a cognitive notion. In segregation analysis neighborhood borders are often drawn arbitrarily or simple assumptions are used to weight neighbor influences. Some authors have developed ide...

In solving mathematical equations, it is often sufficient to find approximate solutions; in answering database queries, very often the situation is similar. To formulate the notion of approximation, the neighborhood system or topology is introduced into the relational model called topological data model. Moreover, when a knowledge base is derived from a database, a neighborhood system can also ...

A wide class of nonlinear filters for image processing is outlined and described in a unified way that may serve as a base for the design of their implementations in optoelectronic programmable parallel image processors. The filters are treated in terms of a finite set of certain estimation and neighborhood building operations. A set of such operations is suggested on the base of the analysis o...

participation of people in their cities and neighborhoods has always been emphasized by researchers and experts in order to improve the quality of citizens’ life and having efficient urban management. however, it seems that providing participation contexts at local level by citizens needs preparations and substrates that facilitate participation. in the meantime, establishing a neighborhood man...

neighborhood attachment is closely related to concrete and abstract conceptions that set the scene for a variety of interactions among the residents. it is on the basis of social-physical location which happens over time. neighborhood attachment also enhances the possibility of residents’ social participation in urban neighborhoods and has a bilateral relationship with residents’ satisfaction. ...

Mathematical models of complex objects in the form interval difference equations are built on basis obtained experimental data within limits inductive approach. At same time, interpretation physical properties object base such model is enough. A method transformation a mathematical differential was proposed article. The based formulas for representing values function at node grid Taylor series ...

New DNA sequencing technology implemented in the GS 20 sequencer reduces cost and time in exchange for lower accuracy. DNA sequencing errors negatively impact downstream applications and therefore accurate base calls and error probabilities are invaluable to researchers. This paper applies a graphical model to the base calling problem in context of the GS 20 sequencer. This model integrates sig...

In Rough Set Theory, dependency in the knowledge base is an important aspect when drawing inferences about the world. Rough set (inexact set) is defined by using a fixed binary relation (equivalence relation, tolerance relation, similarity relation, etc) to analyze vague, imprecise, inexact problems, which satisfy many interesting properties. The neighborhood based rough set theory is an extens...