Conclusion: Nephrolithiasis remains a major economic and health burden worldwide. Nephrolithiasis is considered a systemic disorder associated with chronic kidney disease, bone loss and fractures, increased risk of coronary artery disease, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and the metabolic syndrome. Further understanding of the pathophysiological link between nephrolithiasis and these sy...

Background: We sought to assess the strength of the evidence for long-term lemonade therapy on urinary citrate excretion and stone formation in patients with hypocitraturic nephrolithiasis. Context of the study: A literature search was conducted via PubMed (1970–June 2015) using the key terms “lemonade” and “hypocitraturic nephrolithiasis,” as well as the Medical Subject Headings “medical thera...

In humans, ammonium urate (AU) nephrolithiasis is rare in the Western hemisphere and more common in Japan and developing countries. Among a variety of risk factors, insulin resistance has been associated with urate nephrolithiasis in people. Bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are susceptible to AU nephrolithiasis, and it is believed that some populations are more likely to develop nephrol...

Context: Pediatric nephrolithiasis is a noticeable cause of morbidity among children. Although, nephrolithiasis is a common disease in adults, its incidence has had a rising trend in children. Here in, we reviewed the current state regarding evaluation and management of children with nephrolithiasis in the last decade. Evidence Acquisition: The current literature regarding incidence and trend, ...

INTRODUCTION Nephrolithiasis is a common multifactorial kidney disease with worldwide distribution. Compelling evidence, regarding the function of kidney in maintaining the body homeostasis, suggests the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of nephrolithiasis. Glutathione peroxidase 1 is a major antioxidant enzyme, preventing oxidative damage to renal cells by detoxifying hydrogen and l...

PURPOSE The target of our work was to study several biochemical parameters in phospho-calcic and bone metabolism in blood and urine and the bone mineral density of women with recurrent calcium nephrolithiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study with a control group of 85 women divided into 3 groups: group 1 consisted of 25 women without a history of nephrolithiasis, gr...

Nephrolithiasis is a common problem encountered in clinical practice. Almost 2 million outpatient visits for a primary diagnosis of nephrolithiasis were recorded in the year 2000 in the United States [1]. This condition affects approximately 5-10% of adults during their lifetime and may also affect the pediatric population. Recurrence is present in almost 50% of patients within 5 years of their...

PURPOSE Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) is a commonly-used method in urology, which may modulate hemostasis and may induce lipid peroxidation in patients with nephrolithiasis. However, previous studies only examine changes occurring in patients 30-240 min after ESWL. The main aim of the present study was to determine whether oxidative stress may modulate the hemostatic activity of ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES The prevalence of nephrolithiasis in the United States has increased substantially, but recent changes in incidence with respect to age, sex, and race are not well characterized. This study examined temporal trends in the annual incidence and cumulative risk of nephrolithiasis among children and adults living in South Carolina over a 16-year period. DESIGN, SETTING, ...