Neurocutaneous syndromes are a diverse group of neurologic disorders with concurrent skin manifestations. Most neurocutaneous syndromes have a genetic basis and are believed to arise from a defect in the differentiation of the primitive ectoderm. In this regard, the skin can be a window into the central nervous system and can aid in the diagnosis of neurologic disease in children. The cutaneous...

Neurofibromatosis 1, an autosomal dominant neurocutaneous disorder characterized by café-au-lait macules, Lisch nodules, neurofibromas, and learning disabilities, affects approximately 1 in 3000 people. Unlike other neurocutaneous disorders such as tuberous sclerosis, epilepsy is not a common clinical feature, occurring in 3.8–7% of NF1 patients. Rarely, case reports have described patients wit...

neurocutaneous melanosis (ncm) is a rare, congenital non-hereditary syndrome, characterized by multiple pigmented nevi. we report the radiologic findings of a newborn who had extensive cutaneous melanotic nevus with satellite lesions in the brain. ultrasound showed multiple echogenic foci in the cerebral parenchyma. subsequent mri confirmed these lesions as characteristic deposits of melanin. t...

The neurofibromatoses are members of the group of neurocutaneous disorders which also include tuberous sclerosis, neurocutaneous melanosis, hypomelanosis of Ito, incontinentia pigmenti, Sturge-Weber syndrome and von Hippel-Lindau disease. Collectively, these conditions have also been referred to as "phakomatoses," a term is derived from the Greek phakos, meaning a lentil or birthmark. All but S...

Bank China Rural Health Study. The findings, interpretations and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors, and do not necessarily represent the views of the World Bank, its Executive Directors, or the countries they represent.