The purpose of neurologic examination of a child is to assess development and integrity of the nervous system and to determine location and cause of suspected dysfunction. Achieving these goals is often complicated by three impediments: (1) the patient’s age and willingness to cooperate, (2) the complexity of the complete neurologic examination, and (3) the fluctuating nature of neurologic func...

BACKGROUND Spinal dysraphism is a common birth defect that causes different kinds of secondary impairments, including joint deformities, reduced mobility, and bowel/bladder dysfunction. Due to the diversity in terminology, cultural/ethnic differences, and medical policies, prior study results cannot be generalized to all populations. Therefore, we performed this study to define the characterist...

Hodgkin's lymphoma is a hematolymphoid neoplasm, primarily of B cell lineage, that has unique histologic, immunophenotypic, and clinical features. Neurologic complications of Hodgkin's Lymphoma can be separated into those that result directly from the disease, indirectly from the disease, or from its treatment. Direct neurologic dysfunction from Hodgkin's Lymphoma results from metastatic intrac...

Antibody-mediated autoimmune encephalitis (AE) is a heterogeneous group of inflammatory central nervous system disorders. Symptoms typically include subacute, progressive neuropsychiatric symptoms with associated cognitive dysfunction, movement disorders, and seizures. The diagnosis should be based on objective neurologic dysfunction in combination auto antibody testing. Treatment immunotherapi...