A strong connection between neuronal and metabolic health has been revealed in recent years. It appears that both normal and pathophysiological aging, as well as neurodegenerative disorders, are all profoundly influenced by this "neurometabolic" interface, that is, communication between the brain and metabolic organs. An important aspect of this "neurometabolic" axis that needs to be investigat...

OBJECTIVE Propionic acidemia is one of the rare congenital neurometabolic disorders with autosomal recessive inheritance. This disorder is caused by a defect in the propionyl-CoA carboxylase enzyme and can be presented with life-threatening ketoacidosis, lethargy, failure to thrive, and developmental delay. MATERIALS & METHODS The patients diagnosed as having propionic acidemia in Neurology D...

Glutaric aciduria type 1 (GA-1) is an autosomal recessive disorder of lysine, hydroxylysine, and tryptophan metabolism caused by deficiency of glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase. It results in the accumulation of 3-hydroxyglutaric and glutaric acid. Affected patients can present with brain atrophy and macrocephaly and with acute dystonia secondary to striatal degeneration in most cases triggered by an ...

Aromatic L-Amino acid decarboxylase (AADC) deficiency is a rare neurometabolic disorder due to homozygous or compound heterozygous pathogenic variant of the DDC gene, resulting in low synthesis biogenic amines dopamine, serotonin, epinephrine, and norepinephrine. Most patients had severe expression disease with global developmental delay, early hypotonia, movement disorders such as oculogyric c...

Objective Neurometabolic disorders are an important group of diseases that mostly are presented in newborns and infants. Neurological manifestations are the prominent signs and symptoms in this group of diseases. Seizures are a common sign and are often refractory to antiepileptic drugs in untreated neurometabolic patients. The onset of symptoms for neurometabolic disorders appears after an int...

BACKGROUND Asparagine synthetase deficiency (ASD) is a newly identified neurometabolic disorder characterized by severe congenital microcephaly, severe global developmental delay, intractable seizure disorder, and spastic quadriplegia. Brain MRI showed brain atrophy, delayed myelination, and simplified gyriform pattern. METHODS We report ASD deficiency in a 2- and 4-year-old sibling. On them,...

Behavioral neurology has been bridging the gap between neurology and psychiatry in children. There are several neuropsychiatric disorders of children in which aggression is a dominant symptom. Both global disorders like attention deficit hyperactivity disorder as well as localized dysfunction of the brain may lead to aggression. A number of neurometabolic disorders as well as post-epileptic and...

L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L2HGA) is a neurometabolic disorder characterized by macrocephaly, seizures, progressive mental retardation, pyramidal signs, ataxia and tremor. Dystonia is an under-recognized feature of this entity in the literature. We report two siblings with L2HGA, one of whom presented with writer's cramp followed by dystonia of the other hand. An elevated plasma lysine, high...