Ocular neuromyotonia in the muscles innervated by the right oculomotor nerve was diagnosed in a patient without a history of radiation therapy. Electromyography of the levator palpebrae showed continuous motor unit activity. Brain MRI disclosed a close contact between the right third cranial nerve and a basilar artery dolichoectasia. The patient partly benefited from carbamazepine therapy. This...

patient was resting, causing contraction of all the muscles innervated by the left seventh cranial nerve. MR angiography revealed a neurovascular compression of the left facial nerve by the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) (figures 1 and 2). The patient was taken to surgery and a microvascular decompression through a retrosigmoid approach was performed. Facial nerve function monitorin...

Harlequin syndrome is a rare neurological condition that results in unilateral facial flushing and sweating. Although the syndrome is generally a benign condition with complete resolution if appropriate treatment is initiated, unilateral facial flushing can be a sign of several serious conditions and should be thoroughly investigated. Sudden onset of facial flushing related to harlequin syndrom...

Introduction Some of the most perplexing and difficult musculoskeletal disorders are included among those affecting the shoulder girdle and upper extremity. Pain, paresthesias, hyperesthesia and vasomotor disturbances may occur in any of them, but these symptoms in combination are characteristic of few, chiefly the neurovascular syndromes. The interpretation and differentiation of the clinical ...

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a frequently overlooked peripheral nerve compression or tension event that creates difficulties for the clinician regarding diagnosis and management. Investigators have categorized this condition as vascular versus neurogenic, where vascular TOS can be subcategorized as either arterial or venous and neurogenic TOS can subcategorized as either true or disputed. ...

Schizophrenia is a psychotic disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, negative symptoms, as well as behavioral and cognitive dysfunction. It is a pathoetiologically heterogeneous disorder involving complex interrelated mechanisms that include oxidative stress and neuroinflammation. Neurovascular endothelial dysfunction and blood-brain barrier (BBB) hyperpermeability are established ...

BACKGROUND Severely displaced supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children are frequently associated with complications including neurovascular injuries, non-union, or compartment syndrome. In the current literature, no report exists about postoperative brachial artery entrapment in combination with an inconspicuous preoperative neurovascular examination. CASE PRESENTATION We present a ...

seen following repeated or prolonged hyperabduction of the arms. The sites of compression are thought to be the point at which these neurovascular structures emerge from beneath the pectoralis minor tendon and the interval between the clavicle and the first rib. Five patients presenting the hyperabduction syndrome have been subjected to pectoralis minor tenotomy and anterior scalenotomy with a ...

The thoracic outlet syndrome occurs when the neurovascular structures are compressed as they traverse the thoracic outlet. Degenerative changes can occur in the subclavian artery and the vessel may become a source of embolism with the risk of acute or chronic upper limb ischaemia. Rarely, distal thromboembolism in the thoracic outlet syndrome may be associated with retrograde flow when there is...