BACKGROUND Genetic and non-genetic factors probably act together to initiate and accelerate development of type 1 diabetes [T1D]. One suggested risk factor contributing to development of T1D is air pollution. OBJECTIVE The aim of the study was to investigate whether maternal exposure during pregnancy to air pollution, measured as nitrogen oxides [NOx] and ozone, in a low-dose exposure area wa...

Nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2) play an important role in tropospheric chemistry, in particular in catalytic ozone production. Lightning provides a natural source of nitrogen oxides, dominating the production in the tropical upper troposphere, with strong impact on tropospheric ozone and the atmosphere’s oxidizing capacity. Recent estimates of lightning produced NOx (LNOx) are of the order of 5 Tg...

We quantify the amount of nitrogen oxides (NOx) produced through lightning and photochemical processes in the Hadean atmosphere to be available in the Hadean ocean for the emergence of life. Atmospherically generated nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) are the most attractive high-potential electron acceptors for pulling and enabling crucial redox reactions of autotrophic metabolic pathways at su...

Introduction Mineral dust aerosol plays a critical role in atmospheric chemistry by providing reactive surfaces for trace atmospheric gases. 1-3 Mineral dust particles undergo heterogeneous reactions with nitrogen oxides in the atmosphere to yield adsorbed nitrate, nitrate coatings or deliquesced nitrate layers. 1,4,5 Reactions that can alter NOx (NOx = NO + NO2) concentrations are of great imp...

[1] We investigate the impact of new laboratory studies of N2O5 hydrolysis in aerosols on global model simulations of tropospheric chemistry. We use data from these new studies to parameterize the reaction probability (gN2O5) in the GEOS-CHEM global model as a function of local aerosol composition, temperature, and relative humidity. We find a much lower global mean gN2O5 (0.02) than commonly a...

Oxidized nitrogenous species play a critical role in the formation of ozone in the atmosphere. For both smog chambers and ambient air, a knowledge of the mass balance of such species is useful for the development and validation of methods to model ozone formation. The term NOy has been developed to represent such species although the definition depends on whether it is used by a modeler or an a...

Urban O3 is produced by photochemical chain reactions that amplify background O3 in mixtures of gaseous nitrogen oxides (NOx) and organic molecules. Current thinking treats NOx and organics as independent variables that limit O3 production depending on the NOx to organic ratio; in this paradigm, reducing organics either has no effect or reduces O3. We describe a theoretical counterexample where...

Paulot et al. (Reports, 7 August 2009, p. 730) reported that the photooxidation of isoprene under low-nitrogen oxides (NOx) conditions produces epoxides that can facilitate the formation of secondary organic aerosol (SOA). However, another pathway involving the formation of methyl-butenediol intermediates can also lead to isoprene-derived SOA formation. Further research is needed to clarify the...

[1] We present a novel capability in satellite remote sensing with implications for air pollution control strategy. We show that the ratio of formaldehyde columns to tropospheric nitrogen dioxide columns is an indicator of the relative sensitivity of surface ozone to emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx NO + NO2) and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The diagnosis from these space-based observati...

Indoor air is mostly contaminated from the use of gas for heating and cooking appliances. It is well known that the oxide of nitrogen production in the combustion products is the process that not been exactly described so far on all variables which are connected with its production. The comprehensive analysis of indoor air nitrogen oxides pollution show that extent of indoor air level exposure ...