We describe regulatory effects that a novel neurotrophin-1/B cell-stimulating factor-3 (NNT-1/BSF-3; also reported as cardiotrophin-like cytokine) has on B cell function. NNT-1/BSF-3 stimulates B cell proliferation and Ig production in vitro. NNT-1/BSF-3-transgenic mice, engineered to express NNT-1/BSF-3 in the liver under control of the apolipoprotein E promoter, show B cell hyperplasia with p...

Defective mitochondrial proteins are emerging as major contributors to human disease. Nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase (NNT), a widely expressed mitochondrial protein, has a crucial role in the defence against oxidative stress. NNT variations have recently been reported in patients with familial glucocorticoid deficiency (FGD) and in patients with heart failure. Moreover, knockout anima...

This paper reviews recent studies on the role of Nnt (nicotinamide nucleotide transhydrogenase) in insulin secretion and detoxification of ROS (reactive oxygen species). Glucose-stimulated insulin release from pancreatic beta-cells is mediated by increased metabolism. This elevates intracellular [ATP], thereby closing KATP channels (ATP-sensitive potassium channels) and producing membrane depol...

OBJECTIVE While the number needed to treat (NNT) is in widespread use, empirical evidence that doctors or patients interpret the NNT adequately is sparse. The aim of our study was to explore the influence of the NNT on medical doctors' recommendation for or against a life-long preventive drug therapy. DESIGN Cross-sectional study with randomisation to different scenarios. SETTING Postal que...

The number needed to treat (NNT) is a popular effect measure to present study results in biomedical research. NNTs were originally proposed to describe the absolute effect of a new treatment compared with a standard treatment or placebo in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) with binary outcome. The concept of the NNT measure has been applied to a number of other research areas involving the de...

In a house-to-house survey in Kilifi District, Kenya, mothers of 2556 liveborn children were interviewed about neonatal mortality, especially from neonatal tetanus (NNT). The crude birth rate was 60.5 per 1000 population, the neonatal mortality rate 21.1 and the NNT mortality rate 3.1 per 1000 livebirths. The neonatal and NNT mortality rates were higher in boys than in girls. Neonatal tetanus w...

Non-expresser of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) is the master regulator of salicylic acid-mediated systemic acquired resistance. Over-expression of Arabidopsis NPR1 and rice NH1 (NPR1 homolog1)/OsNPR1 in rice results in enhanced resistance. While there are four rice NPR1 paralogs in the rice genome, none have been demonstrated to function in disease resistance. To study rice NPR1 paralog 3...

We have developed a high level library, the Nearest Neighbor Tool (NNT), to facilitate the coding of finite difference approximation weather prediction models on parallel computers. NNT provides portability and ease of programming and at the same time optimizes performance by allowing the overlap of computation and communication to tolerate the latency of remote data moves. In this paper we des...

See related article, pages 2433–2437. Numbers needed to treat (NNT) is a powerful tool that has been proposed to translate research findings of treatment effects to an intuitive figure for clinical settings or for policy-making purposes. It is a measure of clinical benefits that describes the number of individuals who would need to be treated to prevent the occurrence of 1 outcome event.1 NNT, ...

BACKGROUND Bundling, which consists of wrapping an infant for prolonged periods in a sheepskin cover after dried cow dung is applied, is a common and apparently unique practice limited to the rural, mountainous regions of Northern Pakistan. The practice is initiated at various ages during the neonatal period. Its potential contribution to neonatal tetanus (NNT) had not been evaluated. METHODS...