185/333 genes and transcripts from the purple sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus purpuratus, predict high levels of amino acid diversity within the encoded proteins. Based on their expression patterns, 185/333 proteins appear to be involved in immune responses. In the present study, one- and two-dimensional Western blots show that 185/333 proteins exhibit high levels of molecular diversity within a...

The first quantitative characterization of the interaction of NO2(-) with the Cu-containing dissimilatory nitrite reductase (NiR) of Alcaligenes xylosoxidans using steady-state kinetics, equilibrium gel filtration and EPR spectroscopy is described. Each molecule of this protein consists of three equivalent subunits, each containing a type-1 Cu atom and also a type-2 Cu atom at each subunit inte...

In order to clarify the role of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in the development of lung injury, male Wistar rats were exposed continuously to 0.3 or 5.0 ppm NO2 for 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 days, and alveolar macrophages and lavage fluid obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage were examined. The results were as follows: 1) The number of alveolar macrophages increased significantly in response to NO2 exposure...

We investigated the effects of NO2 and allergen on lung function in a repeated exposure model. For 4 subsequent days, 16 subjects with mild asthma and allergy to birch or grass pollen were exposed at rest to either purified air or 500 microg x m(-3) NO2 for 30 min in an exposure chamber. Four hours later, an individually determined nonsymptomatic allergen dose was inhaled. Lung function (forced...

This work presents a new high-resolution NO2 dataset derived from the NASA Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI) NO2 version 3.0 retrieval that can be used to estimate surface level concentrations. The standard 15 NASA product uses NO2 vertical profile shape factors from a 1.25° × 1° (~110 × 110 km) resolution Global Model Initiative (GMI) model simulation to calculate air mass factors, a critical ...

The present study was undertaken to compare the cellular transport characteristics of [(3)H]NPI-0052 (1R,4R,5S)-4-(2-chloroethyl)-1-((S)-((S)-cyclohex-2-enyl)(hydroxy)methyl)-5-methyl-6-oxa-2-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3,7-dione (marizomib; salinosporamide A) and [(3)H]NPI-0047 (1R,4R, 5S)-1-((S)-((S)-cyclohex-2-enyl)(hydroxy)methyl)-4-ethyl-5-methyl-6-oxa-2-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane-3,7-dione in ...

We compared the effect of inhaled NO2 and SO2 on airway tone and airway responsiveness in 14 nonsmoking mild asthmatics (mean +/- SD age 34 +/- 14 yrs; mean +/- SD baseline forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), 86 +/- 17% pred). On 3 separate days, 30 min tidal breathing (average minute ventilation 10.6 l.min-1) of either filtered air, 0.25 ppm NO2, or 0.5 ppm SO2 was followed by an is...

Skin lipids of mice exposed to NO2 contain lipid-soluble nitrosating agent(s) (NSA) that react in vitro with amines to produce nitrosamines. To test whether this reaction occurs in skin, we exposed mice to 50 ppm NO2 for 4 h and, 20 h later, applied 25 mg morpholine or N-methylaniline to the skin, which was then analyzed for the corresponding nitrosamine. When morpholine was applied, mean N-nit...

Tropospheric NO2 column retrievals from the Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment (GOME) satellite spectrometer are used to quantify the source strength and 3-D distribution of lightning produced nitrogen oxides (NOx=NO+NO2). A sharp increase of NO2 is observed at convective cloud tops with increasing cloud top height, consistent with a power-law behaviour with power 5±2. Convective production of ...

BACKGROUND Long-term exposure to air pollution has been associated with mortality in urban cohort studies. Few studies have investigated this association in large-scale population registries, including non-urban populations. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to evaluate the associations between long-term exposure to air pollution and nonaccidental and cause-specific mortality in the Netherl...