A WSN system incorporates a gateway that provides wireless connectivity back to the wired world and distributed nodes. Routing is the main operation in wireless sensor (WSN). In this work, the energy of a node, distance of a node from the current node and the angle made by a node with the sink node, are considered as parameters. The fuzzy system estimates the chance of a node capable of handing...

vulvar cancer is a rare gynecological malignancy with mainly lymphatic spread. sentinel node mapping plays an important role in the management of this gynecological malignancy. in the current study, we reported our experience in sentinel node mapping of vulvar cancer and review the literature accordingly. since the introduction of sentinel node mapping to the surgical oncology community of our ...

In this paper, we propose a cross-layer optimized geographic node-disjoint multipath routing algorithm, that is, twophase geographic greedy forwarding plus. To optimize the system as a whole, our algorithm is designed on the basis of multiple layers’ interactions, taking into account the following. First is the physical layer, where sensor nodes are developed to scavenge the energy from environ...

Energy efficiency and reliability are widely understood to be one of the dominant considerations for Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs). In this paper, in order to maintain energy efficiency and reliability in a UWSN, Cuckoo Optimization Algorithm (COA) is adopted that is a combination of three techniques of geo-routing, multi-path routing, and Duty-Cycle mechanism. In the proposed alg...

a sensor network is made up of a large number of sensors with limited energy. sensors collect environmental data then send them to the sink. energy efficiency and thereby increasing the lifetime of sensor networks is important. direct transfer of the data from each node to the central station will increase energy consumption. previous research has shown that the organization of nodes in cluster...

We consider a two-way updating system with a master node and a slave node. In each block, the master node transfers energy and updates to the slave node alternatively. The slave node performs transmission to the master node if it has sufficient energy for current block, i.e., using best-effort policy . Moreover, the slave node generates a new update immediately after the completion of previous ...

Coverage and energy conservation are two major issues in wireless sensor networks (WSNs), especially when sensors are randomly deployed in large areas. In such WSNs, sensors are equipped with limited lifetime batteries and redundantly cover the target area. To face the short lifetime of the WSN, the objective is to optimize energy consumption while maintaining the full sensing coverage. A major...

Most ZigBee sensor networks to date make use of nodes with limited processing, communication, and energy capabilities. Energy consumption is of great importance in wireless sensor applications as their nodes are commonly battery-driven. Once ZigBee nodes are deployed outdoors, limited power may make a sensor network useless before its purpose is complete. At present, there are two strategies fo...

MANETs are typically limited in resources like available wireless transmission bandwidth, available node battery power etc which makes the routing complex compare to the normal infrastructure based wireless network. Node mobility also makes the routing decision further hard. A packet drop in such network can be due to: Node Mobility, Congestion on network or node failure (energy drain or hardwa...