data envelopment analysis (dea) measures the relative efficiency of a homogenous set of decision-making units (dmus) when multiple inputs and outputs are present. the deabased malmquist productivity index measuring the productivity change of dmus over time has proven itself to be a valid tool to compare group performance. however, in the previous models developed for this purpose, it was suppos...

the objective of this research was to develop a laboratory test procedure to predict full-scale primary clarifier performance using chemically enhanced primary treatment (cept). a method was developed that simulated actual primary clarifier performance, with chemical enhancements, based on simulating full-scale surface overflow rate (sor) and flocculation time in the laboratory. the method used...

We tested a threshold-based bed bug (Cimex lectularius L.) management approach with the goal of achieving elimination with minimal or no insecticide application. Thirty-two bed bug infested apartments were identified. These apartments were divided into four treatment groups based on apartment size and initial bed bug count, obtained through a combination of visual inspection and bed bug monitor...

given the importance of sustainable agricultural development, using non-chemical weed management such as cover crops and decreasing row spacing has an importance in weed control and reducing herbicide use. in order to an experiment was conducted at agricultural research site in agricultural college, university of mohaghegh ardabili in 2011. the experiment done as factorial based on randomized c...

Bed bug (Cimex lectularius L.) infestations are currently controlled by a variety of non-chemical and chemical methods. There have been few studies on the comparative effectiveness of these control techniques. We evaluated three bed bug management strategies in an apartment building: (1) non-chemical methods only (n = 9); (2) insecticides only (n = 6); and (3) integrated pest management includi...