Inclusion-body myositis is the most frequent and disabling myopathy seen in patients over 50 years of age. The distinct clinical features that lead to correct diagnosis and inclusion-body myositis mimics are highlighted. Inclusionbody myositis has a complex pathogenesis in which autoimmune and inflammatory features coexist with elements of degeneration and abundant accumulations of various stre...

Inclusion body myositis is an insidious, slowly progressive myopathy of middle-aged and older individuals. Because of these characteristics, diagnosis is often delayed. Affected muscle is marked by the presence of rimmed vacuoles, inclusions, and an inflammatory infiltrate largely made up of CD8 T lymphocytes and macrophages. The inclusions contain beta-amyloid and phosphorylated tau protein, a...

The histochemical and ultrastructural study of muscle biopsies of two patients with a chronic muscle weakness and wasting showed particular changes in muscle fibers: (1) peripheral lined vacuoles, containing whorls of membranes and cytoplasmic debris; (2) collections of intranuclear and intrasarcoplasmic tubular filaments (16-18 nm in external diameter and 6.5 nm in inner diameter). These chang...

Sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM) is a muscle disease with two separate pathogenic components, degeneration and inflammation. Typically, nonnecrotic myofibers are focally surrounded and invaded by CD8(+) T cells and macrophages. Both attacked and nonattacked myofibers express high levels of human leukocyte antigen class I (HLA-I) molecules, a prerequisite for antigen presentation to CD8(+)...

Premature baby unit at Southmead Hospital where she arrived 1J hours after birth. The whole of her body was found to be covered by petechial haemorrhages which in Places merged to form larger lesions resembling bruises. She had a very large spleen , and a very large liver and was thought to be very slightly jaundiced. It was soon realized that this baby had some quite unusual problem and our fi...

The idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a heterogeneous group of rare disorders that share many similarities. In addition to sporadic inclusion body myositis (IBM), these include dermatomyositis, polymyositis, and autoimmune necrotizing myopathy. IBM is the most common IIM after age 50 years. Muscle histopathology shows endomysial inflammatory exudates surrounding and invading nonnecr...