Chronic heart failure is a dominant problem not only in cardiology but also from the political and economical points of view in civilized countries. The paper describes general and specific methods of heart failure therapy such as reconstruction of coronary artery disease, valve disease, cardiomyoplasty remodelling of left ventricular cavity, ventricular assist-control devices, artificial heart...

“Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage. Each individual learns the application of the word through experiences related to injury in early life”[1]. It is now clear that premature and full-term newborns have the neuroanatomical pathways from the periphery to cortex required for nociception. I...

Atopic dermatitis (AD) continues to present significant therapeutic challenges, especially in severe cases. Navigating the line between risk and benefit can be difficult for more powerful medications such as immunosuppressants, but non-pharmacologic treatments are often overlooked and underutilized. Creative application of these more physical therapies can serve to minimize the pharmacologic tr...

Surgical site infections are among the most common serious perioperative complications. Infections are established during a decisive period that lasts a few hours after contamination. Adequacy of host immune defenses is the primary factor that determines whether inevitably wound contamination progresses into a clinical infection. As it turns out, many determinants of infection risk are under th...

INTRODUCTION Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the number one cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States, 1 coronary heart disease (CHD) and myocardial infarction being the leading causes of death. 1 The five major risk factors for CHD – hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes mellitus, smoking, and obesity – account for 80% of the risk for CHD. 1,2 Interventions, both pharmacologic and n...

Flight has become accumulatively common in industrialized countries, even so not all passengers enjoy flying [1]. From the advent of human beings, people have been looking up at the immeasurable stars and planets of the sky. The crucial question has always been how to conquer the distance, how to reach the sky without being damaged or killed and land safely on the ground. At the present, althou...