In this paper we consider the problem of RNA folding with pseudoknots. We use a graphical representation in which the secondary structures are described by planar diagrams. Pseudoknots are identified as non-planar diagrams. We analyze the non-planar topologies of RNA structures and propose a classification of RNA pseudoknots according to the minimal genus of the surface on which the RNA structu...

a group g is said to be a (pf)c-group or to have polycyclic-by-finite conjugacy classes, if g/c_{g}(x^{g}) is a polycyclic-by-finite group for all xin g. this is a generalization of the familiar property of being an fc-group. de falco et al. (respectively, de giovanni and trombetti) studied groups whose proper subgroups of infinite rank have finite (respectively, polycyclic) conjugacy classes. ...

Abstract Tridecacyclene tetraimide, TCTI , an electron‐deficient non‐benzenoid nanocarbon with a C 56 N 4 polycyclic framework was obtained in concise synthesis. has non‐planar structure and forms π‐stacked dimers the solid state. In solution, it undergoes eight single‐electron reductions, yielding range of negatively charged states up to octaanion. Except for latter species, which remarkably l...

Selective protein export from the endoplasmic reticulum is mediated by COPII vesicles. Here, we investigated the dynamics of fluorescently labelled cargo and non-cargo proteins during COPII vesicle formation using single-molecule microscopy combined with an artificial planar lipid bilayer. Single-molecule analysis showed that the Sar1p-Sec23/24p-cargo complex, but not the Sar1p-Sec23/24p comple...

With the widespread use of O-alkoxyresorufin dealkylation assays since the 1990s, thousands of inhibitors of cytochrome P450 family 1 enzymes (P450s 1A1, 1A2, and 1B1) have been identified and studied. Generally, planar polycyclic molecules such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, stilbenoids, and flavonoids are considered to potentially be effective inhibitors of these enzymes, however, the d...

Synthesis of two dicyclopentaannelated hexa-peri-hexabenzocoronene (PHBC) regioisomers was carried out, using nonplanar oligoaryl precursors with fluorenyl groups: mPHBC 8 pentagons in the “meta”-configuration obtained as a stable molecule, while its structural isomer “para”-configuration, pPHBC 16, could be generated and characterized only situ due to high chemical reactivity. Both PHBCs exhib...

Considering the network structure is one of the new approaches in studying stochastic PERT networks (SPN). In this paper, planar networks are studied as a special class of networks. Two structural reducible mechanisms titled arc contraction and deletion are developed to convert any planar network to a series-parallel network structure.&#10In series-parallel SPN, the completion time distribution...

Topological chirality of a molecule is realized when any representation of its graph is topologically distinct from its mirror image, i.e. if it can not be converted to its mirror image by continuous deformation in 3D-space. [1] This property implies that the graph of the molecule is non-planar. Molecular systems with an intrinsically non-planar graph are scare. Their graphs can be contracted t...

in this paper, chaotic motion analysis and its control for a non-planar non-linear cantilever beam with axial and lateral parametric excitation in the free end is accomplished. this is a new method for control of chaotic motion of a non-linear planar beam. in this survey, internal resonance of the beam is 2:1 and the initial resonance is in the outside of plane and it is assumed a sub-resonance...

The title compound, C 6 H 8 N 2 O 4 , a new derivative of isoxazole, has been synthesized and structurally characterized. crystal structure shows the molecule to be almost planar (r.m.s. deviation for non-hydrogen atoms = 0.029 Å), this conformation being supported by an intramolecular N—H...O hydrogen bond. In extended structure, molecules are linked bonds into chains propagating along [010].