The class of compounds called non-protein nitrogen (NPN) is not a homogeneous group of similar chemicals but rather an operational term for the remainder of nitrogen in milk and formula once the protein fraction has been removed. NPN therefore consists of widely diverse types of compounds, ranging from urea to complex nitrogen-containing oligosaccharides. It is obvious that the capacity of an i...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of balancing low protein diets for methionine and lysine on performance of early lactation Holstein cows under hot environmental temperature. Twenty one multiparous Holstein cows in early lactation were allocated to three experimental rations including, 1) High protein ration with 17.5% CP, 2) Medium protein ration with 16% CP and 12 g/d rumen p...

Synchronization of rumen available protein and energy is one of the conceptual methods to increase the efficiency of utilization of nutrients by the ruminants The concept of synchronization energy and protein was first by Jhonson, Implying that maximum microbial protein synthesis could be achieved by matching the rate of Organic Matter and protein degradation. Synchronization of rumen available...

abstractbackground and objectives the oilseeds after cereal, the world's second largest food supply make up. environmental stress has always been one of the most important factors reducing crop yield and production are gone and counter or reduce the effects of stress as a useful strategy to increase the quality and quantity of the products has been considered. flooding conditions are said ...

background: the knowledge of blood parameters is important for assessing the physiological status and health of animals. objectives: this study was conducted to determine the effect of heavy pregnancy on some serum indices of dromedary camels. methods: twenty clinically healthy female dromedary camels aged between 4-5 years were divided into two equal groups: i: pregnant camels in their last tr...

This study investigated the effect of season (wet and dry) on milk composition of the dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius). Milk samples representing the wet and dry seasons were analyzed for total solids (TS), fat (F), solids-non-fat (SNF), ash, crude protein (CP), nitrogen soluble at pH 4.6 (SN), mineral content (MC) and casein fraction (CnF). Camel milk had higher (P