In part 1 of this series (ref 1) we presented a qualitative thermodynamic description of the phase behavior of quaternary mixtures of water, nonpolar solvents, nonionic amphiphiles, and salts. The phase behavior of such mixtures follows general patterns that are essentially determined by the phase diagrams of the corresponding binary and ternary mixtures. In this paper (part 2) the nonionic amp...

Abstract Basic Brown 16 pigment and three types of surfactants were used to prepare the cationic, nonionic, anionic basic hair dyes. White bleached dyed using dyes shampooed 10 times acidic, neutral, alkaline shampoos prepared in study. with dye resulted a lower L *, b * values K/S compared cationic nonionic results statistically significant at α = 0.05. Hair showed significantly higher Δ E ab ...

Facial muscle twitching during intracarotid injections of nonionic contrast media has been observed in rabbits. To investigate the cause of this reaction, cortical EEG and facial EMG recordings were made from rabbits receiving selective internal and external carotid artery injections of control solutions (normal saline, mannitol), an ionic contrast medium (meglumine iothalamate), and three noni...

Surfactants with an ester bond connecting the polar headgroup and hydrophobic tail are common. They easy to synthesize, they can often be made from natural raw materials their biodegradation profile is generally good, partly due lipase or esterase catalyzed breakdown of in sewage plants. A labile molecule may cause problems, however. formulated at relatively high pH it important that remain int...

liquid protein formulations are prone to form aggregates. the effect of nonionic surfactants such as polysorbate 20 (ps 20) and n-dodecyl β-d-maltoside (ddm) on the prevention of aggregation and conformational changes of recombinant human ifnβ-1b (rhifn β_1b) was explored. polysorbate has been used in formulations of protein pharmaceuticals. there have been concerns about using ps 20 due to its...

Ionic and nonionic interactions between the adenoviral histone-like proteins and DNA were examined by determining effects of ionic strength and urea concentration on disruption of viral nucleoprotein. The viral proteins were as susceptible to dissociation by salt in the presence of urea as histones. Nonionic interactions between viral proteins appeared more extensive than those between histones.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In theory, ionic solutes diffuse more slowly in cartilage than do nonionic solutes. We tested the hypothesis that the contrast ratio between scar and recurrent disk fragment on MR images is greater after IV administration of an ionic rather than a nonionic contrast medium when a clinical dose is used. METHODS Twenty patients who had recurrent lumbar disk herniation were...

Nonionic diffusion and diffusion equilibrium of ammonia have been generally accepted as the mechanism of urinary ammonium excretion. However, these characteristics have not been examined directly in vitro. In the present studies, nonionic diffusion and diffusion equilibrium of ammonia were examined in rabbit cortical collecting tubules perfused in vitro. Collected fluid ammonium and pH were mea...