The dual route model suggests that reading of letter strings can occur through both a lexical and a nonlexical route. Hemispheric specialization of these routes has also been posited, suggesting that the left hemisphere has both lexical and nonlexical routes while the right hemisphere has only a lexical route. However, some recent data conflict with this hemispheric dual route model, suggesting...

Italian developmental dyslexic readers show a striking length effect and have been hypothesised to rely mostly on nonlexical reading. Our experiments tested this hypothesis by assessing whether or not the defi cit underlying dyslexia is specifi c to lexical reading. The effects of lexicality, word frequency and length were investigated in the same group of children in four separate experiments....

This paper deals with algorithms for producing and ordering lexical and nonlexical sequences of a given degree. The notion of ”elementary operations” on positive α-sequences is introduced. Our main theorem answers the question of when two lexical sequences are adjacent. Given any lexical sequence, α ∈ Ln, we can produce its adjacent successor as follows; apply one elementary operation on the ta...

Individuals with very mild and mild dementia of the Alzheimer type (DAT) and age-matched controls performed three lexical and three nonlexical speeded information-processing tasks. The DAT group was slower than the control group on all six tasks. As predicted by general slowing (Nebes & Brady, 1992), most main effects of task condition were accompanied by Group × Condition interactions. That is...

Reynolds and Besner (2005) examined contextual control over the use of lexical and nonlexical routes by requiring participants to alternate between reading pairs of low-frequency exception words and pairs of nonwords. Their main finding was that latencies for both words (e.g., wad) and nonwords (e.g.,flad) were slower when the immediately preceding trial involved the opposite item type rather t...

We examined the question of whether the sizes of the regularity and lexicality effects in naming can be modulated as a function of filler type (nonwords or low-frequency exception words). The lexicality effect was larger in the exception word filler condition than in the nonword filler condition, but the size of the regularity effect was essentially unaffected by filler type. This pattern is at...

  This paper investigates the use of ‘lexical bundles’ in two broad corpora of journalistic writing. The aim of this study is to compare the use of lexical bundles in the two domains, one consisted of newspaper articles written in English and published in England and the other one comprised of newspaper articles written in Persian from Iranian publications. For this purpose, the frequency...

Lexical bundles are known as important elements of coherent discourse that have been the subject of much research. While the previous research has been mainly concerned with exploring variations in the use of these word sequences across different registers and disciplines, very few studies have addressed the use of some particular groups of lexical bundles within some types of academic writing....

Care bundles aim to improve standard of care and patient outcome by promoting the consistent implementation of a group of effective interventions. However, a variety of barriers prevent their full application in clinical practice. Here, we discuss some of the benefits and limitations of care bundles in the delivery of safer and more effective and consistent health care.

Researchers stated that learning and applying certain set of lexical bundles of native lecturers by non-native lecturers would help students improve their proficiency through incidental vocabulary input. The present study shed light on the lexical bundles in hard science lectures used by Native and Non-native lecturers in international universities with the main purpose of analyzing the structu...