a r t i c l e i n f o Keywords: Multi-mode scheduling Ant colony optimization Renewable and nonrenewable resource constraints Construction projects An ant colony optimization (ACO)-based methodology for solving the multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem (MRCPSP) considering both renewable and nonrenewable resources is presented. With regard to the MRCPSP solution consisting ...

1. Sustainable Growth: Concepts and Framework 1.1 Economic Growth 1.2 Sustainable Development 1.3 Sustainable Growth 1.4 Economic Growth Theory as a Framework for Analyzing Sustainable Growth 2. Economic Growth Without Environmental Factors: A Basic Model 2.1 The Model 2.2 Sustainable Growth in the Basic Model 2.3 Technological Change 3. Sustainable Growth With Nonrenewable Resources 3.1 Produc...

Over the past 40 years economists have devoted considerable effort to estimating long-run trends in real commodity prices. The results indicate that the real prices for many commodities have fallen, suggesting to the surprise of many that resource scarcity is declining over time. Almost all of this work, however, uses the U.S. producer price index or other standard price deflators, which recent...

We introduce a multimode resource-constrained project scheduling problem with finish-to-start precedence relations among project activities, considering renewable and nonrenewable resource costs. We assume that renewable resources are rented and are not available in all periods of time of the project. In other words, there is a mandated ready date as well as a due date for each renewable resour...

We study transitions between nonrenewable and renewable energy forms at di!erent development stages of an economy. It is shown that in the historical context the emphasis on energy production may evolve from renewables to nonrenewables and back to renewables. Typically both energy forms are used simultaneously. Along the equilibrium path, nonrenewable resource consumption may increase and their...

This paper presents an overview of the resources use and environmental impact of the Chinese industry during 1997-2006. For the purpose of this analysis the thermodynamic concept of exergy has been employed both to quantify and aggregate the resources input and the environmental emissions arising from the sector. The resources input and environmental emissions show an increasing trend in this p...