In Africa, the management of border disputes varies from sub-region to subregion. Most puzzling is the difference between West Africa and the Horn of Africa. In the latter, border disputes are much more likely to escalate into war than in the former. Seeking to solve this puzzle, this study focuses on the territorial integrity norm. It departs from existing accounts of this norm in two ways: fi...

When individuals' actions are incongruent with those of the group they belong to, they may change their initial behavior in order to conform to the group norm. This phenomenon is known as "social conformity." In the present study, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate brain activity in response to group opinion during an ultimatum game. Results showed...

Regulations are often applied to social members in a society in order to minimize conflicting behaviors [9]. Such regulations, also known as social norms, define expected behaviors for society members [7] and help ensure that individuals act in socially acceptable behavior. Besides regulating entire societies, social norms are also used to regulate interactions in smaller groups, and are often ...

We present a novel mechanism for the detection and resolution of conflicts within norm-regulated virtual environments, populated by agents whose behaviours are regulated by explicit obligations, permissions and prohibitions. A conflict between norms arises when an action is simultaneously prohibited and obliged or prohibited and permitted. In this paper, we use first-order unification and const...

This paper considers the problem of a generalized model for conflict analysis and resolution. Such a model would be helpful in analyzing and resolving conflict in disputes in both government and industry, where disputes and negotiations about various issues are the norm. The issue here is how to model a combination of situations among agents i) where there are disagreements leading to a conflic...

Norm-governed agents act according to norms such as obligations, permissions or prohibitions. In their practical reasoning, they are not only influenced by what they actually belief, desire and intend, but what they are obliged, permitted or prohibited to do they are governed by norms. When agents adopt such norms, specific care must be taken to avoid conflicts, so that consistency of the set o...

in this paper,~some results on finite dimensional generating spaces of quasi-norm family are established.~the idea of equivalent quasi-norm families is introduced.~riesz lemma is established in this space.~finally,~we re-define b-s fuzzy norm and prove that it induces a generating space of quasi-norm family.

The new book, The Gender of Reparations: Unsettling Sexual Hierarchies While Redressing Human Rights Violations, edited by Ruth Rubio-Marín, is a powerful interdisciplinary exploration of gendered reparations in transitional countries. Through a gendered perspective, it not only dives deep into the human rights violations experienced by women, it also endeavors to present “engendered” reparatio...

Often, when several norms are present and may be in conflict, individuals will display a self-serving bias, privileging the norm that best serves their interests. Xiao and Bicchieri (J Econ Psychol 31(3):456–470, 2010) tested the effects of inequality on reciprocating behavior in trust games and showed that—when inequality increases—reciprocity loses its appeal. They hypothesized that self-serv...

This study explores the role of intragroup dynamics in intergroup conflict. In a computer-mediated negotiation experiment (N = 107), we investigated how a group representative’s standing in the group, group norm, and the representative’s need to belong influence behavior in intergroup negotiations. We hypothesized that the extent to which peripheral representatives adhere to group norms is cont...